Ogham alphabet

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Horizontal presentation

The horizontal presentation was used primarily in manuscripts. It was written on lines to be read from left to right, with successive lines arranged from top to bottom (like in Latin texts).

Marks (stemmed)

• 
  eite (begin text)
• 
  spas (space)
• 
  eite thuathail (end text)

Basic consonant letters (stemmed as long strokes)

• 
  beith (B)
• 
  luis (L)
• 
  fearn (F/W)
• 
  sail (S)
• 
  nion (N)
• 
  uath (H/J)
• 
  dair (D)
• 
  tinne (T)
• 
  coll (C/K)
• 
  ceirt (Q/KW)
• 
  muin (M)
• 
  gort (G)
• 
  ngeadal (NG)
• 
  straif (ST/Z)
• 
  ruis (R)

Basic vowel letters (stemmed as short strokes)

• 
  ailm (A)
• 
  onn (O)
• 
  ur (U)
• 
  eadhadh (E)
• 
  iodhadh (I)

Basic vowel letters (stemmed as dots)

• 
  ailm (A)
• 
  onn (O)
• 
  ur (U)
• 
  eadhadh (E)
• 
  iodhadh (I)

Supplementary forfeda letters (stemmed)

• 
  eabhadh (EA)
• 
  or (OI)
• 
  uilleann (UI)
• 
  ifin (IA)
• 
  eamhancholl (AE/AI)
• 
  peith

Vertical presentation (rotated by 90 degrees anticlockwise)

The vertical presentation was used mostly over stones and wood. It was carved and displayed on lines to be read from bottom to top, with successive lines arranged from left to right.

Marks (stemmed)

• 
  eite (begin text)
• 
  spas (space)
• 
  eite thuathail (end text)

Basic consonant letters (stemmed as long strokes)

• 
  beith (B)
• 
  luis (L)
• 
  fearn (F/W)
• 
  sail (S)
• 
  nion (N)
• 
  uath (H/J)
• 
  dair (D)
• 
  tinne (T)
• 
  coll (C/K)
• 
  ceirt (Q/KW)
• 
  muin (M)
• 
  gort (G)
• 
  ngeadal (NG)
• 
  straif (ST/Z)
• 
  ruis (R)

Basic vowel letters (stemmed as short strokes)

• 
  ailm (A)
• 
  onn (O)
• 
  ur (U)
• 
  eadhadh (E)
• 
  iodhadh (I)

Basic vowel letters (stemmed as round dots)

• 
  ailm (A)
• 
  onn (O)
• 
  ur (U)
• 
  eadhadh (E)
• 
  iodhadh (I)

Supplementary forfeda letters (stemmed)

• 
  eabhadh (EA)
• 
  or (OI)
• 
  uilleann (UI)
• 
  ifin (IA)
• 
  eamhancholl (AE/AI)
• 
  peith (P)