Kayagar languages
| Kayagar | |
|---|---|
| Cook River | |
| Geographic distribution | South Papua |
| Linguistic classification | TransâNew Guinea
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | kaya1327 |
 Map: The Kayagar languages of New Guinea
  The Kayagar languages
  Other TransâNew Guinea languages
  Other Papuan languages
  Austronesian languages
  Uninhabited | |
The Kayagar languages are a small family of four closely related TransâNew Guinea languages spoken around the Cook River in Province of South Papua, Indonesia:[1]
- Atohwaim (Kaugat)
- Gondu River
Proto-language
[edit]Pronouns
[edit]Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[1][2]
Gondu River Atohwaim sg pl sg pl 1 *nax *nep naxa nipi, neÎČi 2 *ax *akan axa aÊani 3 *ek *wep â â
Basic vocabulary
[edit]Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[1]
gloss Proto-Gondu River head *toxom hair *upm ear *itipaËm eye *sakam nose *jup tooth *o[x/ÉŁ]om tongue *maetap foot/leg *apit blood *jes bone *nomop skin/bark *pip breast *etum louse *num dog *epe pig *wakum bird *suopam egg *map-jaxam tree/wood *wom man/person *jo[k] woman *enop sun *taËm moon *xa[x/ÉŁ]atam water *o[x/ÉŁ]om fire *atu stone *maitn path *kamein name *na[k] eat *xapti one *pa[x/ÉŁ]amo[x/k] two *tousiki
Vocabulary comparison
[edit]The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970)[3] and Voorhoeve (1971, 1975),[4][5] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.[6]
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. tikem, toxom for âheadâ) or not (e.g. icoxop, iripam for âearâ).
gloss Atohwaim Kayagar Tamagario head tikem toxom tokom hair upm owpm upm ear icoxop iripam ipiram eye saam saxam sakam nose opom jup jup tooth ukoxom oxom ukom tongue menaxaram marap marap leg apir apir apir louse numu soËm dog upoc epere; epe(re) epe pig wakum wakum wakum bird wakem sÉpam towpam egg mapiam mapiaxam mapiakam blood wis jes; yes jet; yet bone nömöp namop; nÉmop nomop skin piep pip pip breast ötöm erem tree wim wom wom man mapirie jo; yo jo; yo woman enepe onop onop sun teme taam taam moon kaÊaram xaxaram kakaram water oxom oxom okom fire acu aru aru stone iki kakup maitu road, path sepmop xami kame eat owp xapri kapri one papriaxap paxamu pakamok two coopm tosigi totigi
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 New Guinea World, Gondu River[dead link]
- â New Guinea World, Atohwaim[dead link]
- â McElhanon, K.A. and Voorhoeve, C.L. The Trans-New Guinea Phylum: Explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. B-16, vi + 112 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. doi:10.15144/PL-B16
- â Voorhoeve, C.L. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea". In Dutton, T., Voorhoeve, C. and Wurm, S.A. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 14. A-28:47-114. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1971. doi:10.15144/PL-A28.47
- â Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-B31
- â Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
External links
[edit]- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, ProtoâGondu River
- (ibid.) Atohwaim[dead link]
