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hans

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Hans and HANS

Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse hans, the genitive of hann (“he”).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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hans

  1. genitive of han (“his”)
    Bogen er hans. ― The book is his.
    Det er hans bog. ― It is his book.

Declension

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Danish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
Singular First – jeg mig min mit mine
Second modern / informal du dig din dit dine
formal (uncommon) De Dem Deres
Third masculine (person) han ham hans
feminine (person) hun hende hendes
common (noun) den dens
neuter (noun) det dets
indefinite man en ens
reflexive – sig sin sit sine
Plural First modern vi os vores
archaic / formal vor vort vore
Second – I jer jeres
Third – de dem deres
reflexive – sig

Faroese

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Pronoun

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hans

  1. archaic genitive of hann (“his”)

Declension

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Faroese personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
singular 1st person eg, jeg meg, mjeg mær mín
2nd person tú teg, tjeg tær tín
3rd person m hann honum hansara, hans†
f hon hana henni hennara, hennar†
n tað tí tess
plural 1st person vit okkum okkara
2nd person tit tykkum tykkara
3rd person m teir teimum, teim† teirra
f tær
n tey

Icelandic

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Pronoun

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hans

  1. (personal) genitive of hann; his
    Ég fór í húsið hans.
    I went to his house.

Declension

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Icelandic personal pronouns
singular first person second person third person
masculine feminine neuter
nominative ég, eg, ek† þú hann hún, hon†, hón† það, þat†
accusative mig, mik† þig, þik† hann hana það, þat†
dative mér þér honum, hánum† henni því
genitive mín þín hans hennar þess
plural first person second person third person
masculine feminine neuter
nominative við þið, þit† þeir þær þau
accusative okkur ykkur þá þær þau
dative okkur ykkur þeim þeim þeim
genitive okkar ykkar þeirra þeirra þeirra

† Archaic. See also honorific pronouns.

Latvian

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Noun

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hans m (1st declension)

  1. khan

Declension

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Declension of hans (1st)
singular plural
nominative hans hani
genitive hana hanu
dative hanam haniem
accusative hanu hanus
instrumental hanu haniem
locative hanā hanos
vocative han hani

Middle Norwegian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Norse hans.

Pronoun

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hans

  1. genitive of han (“he”)
    (please add the primary text of this usage example)
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Declension

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Middle Norwegian personal pronouns
singular first person second person reflexive third person
masculine feminine neuter
nominative ek thu — han hon thet
accusative mik thik sik han hana thet
dative mer ther ser honom henne thy
genitive min thin sin hans hennar thes
dual first person second person reflexive
nominative vit, mit thit —
accusative okker ykker sik
dative okker ykker ser
genitive okkar ykkar sin
plural first person second person reflexive third person
masculine feminine neuter
nominative ver, mer ther — their thær thau
accusative oss ydher sik tha thær thau
dative oss ydher ser theim theim theim
genitive vaar ydhar sin theira theira theira

Descendants

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References

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Norman

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Noun

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hans

  1. plural of han

Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology

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Inherited from Middle Norwegian hans (“his”), from Old Norse hans, the genitive singular of hann (“he”).[1] The pronoun's earlier origin is uncertain; see han (“he”). The use in honorific titles is modeled on German and French.

Cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk hans, Danish hans, Swedish hans, Icelandic hans and archaic Faroese hans (“his”).

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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hans

  1. his; belonging to or associated with a male person; the possessive corresponding to han (“he”) and ham (“him”).
    Jeg lånte boka hans. ― I borrowed his book.
    • 1848, Conrad N. Schwach, Erindringer af mit Liv indtil Ankomsten til Throndhjem (1830): nedskrevne i Aaret 1848‎[1], manuscript:
      han [lånte] mig ofte […] penge; dette skede da stedse med den formaning, at jeg ikke skulde lade broder hans vide det
      He often [lent] me […] money; this always came with the warning that I must not let his brother know about it.
      (quoted in NAOB)
    • 1875, Henrik Ibsen, Digte‎[2], page 95:
      agter stod lodsen, stærk og høj, hans øje var vildt og hvast
      At the stern stood the pilot, strong and tall; his eye was wild and fierce.
    • 1994, Dag Solstad, Genanse og verdighet‎[3], page 14:
      Hjalmar Ekdal er en bedratt narr, la ham og hans familie være i fred
      Hjalmar Ekdal is a deceived fool; leave him and his family in peace.
    1. his; referring to a male animal.
      Katten heter Leo, og dette er plassen hans. ― The cat's name is Leo, and this is his spot.
      • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎[4], page 6:
        [jeg] hørte knirken af hans [bukkens] hov
        [I] heard the creaking of his [the buck’s] hoof.
    2. (literary) his; referring to something personified as male.
      Vinteren var streng; vi kjente hans vrede. ― Winter was harsh; we felt his wrath.
      • 1906, Johan Sebastian Welhaven, Samlede Digterverker‎[5], volume I, page 153:
        Norge slumrer i sit sølverpantser, og selv hans aandedræt i luften fryser
        Norway slumbers in his silver armour, and even his breath freezes in the air.
  2. his; referring generically to a person whose gender is unspecified.
    Hver søker skal få beskjed når søknaden hans er behandlet. ― Each applicant will be notified when their application has been processed.
    • 1930, “Jobs bok”, in Bibelen‎[6], 7:1:
      Er ikke et menneskes liv på jorden en krigstjeneste, og hans dager som en dagarbeiders dager?
      Is not a person’s life on earth a term of military service, and his days like a day labourer’s days?
    • 1873, Henrik Ibsen, Kejser og Galilæer‎[7], page 338:
      hvo der vover det, hans hånd skal visne
      Whoever dares to do that, his hand shall wither.
    • 1880, Jonas Lie, Rutland‎[8], page 66:
      der var vist ingen, som tvilte paa, at det var hans sidste stund
      There was probably no one who doubted that it was his last hour.
  3. (predicative or nominalized) his; belonging to him, with the possessed noun understood.
    Den røde sykkelen er min, og den blå er hans. ― The red bicycle is mine, and the blue one is his.
    • 1877, Arne Garborg, Den ny-norske Sprog- og Nationalitetsbevægelse‎[9], page 54:
      hver har taget sit og indrømmet den anden hans
      Each has taken his own and allowed the other his.
  4. (dialectal) of; used before a male personal name to express possession or association.
    Jeg lånte bilen hans Per. ― I borrowed Per's car.
    • 1921, Jonas Lie, Samlede Digterverker‎[10], volume IX, page 293:
      kom med en lap til bukseenden hans Enochsen
      came with a patch for the seat of Enochsen’s trousers
    • 1926, Cora Sandel, Alberte og Jakob‎[11], page 167:
      Utenfor grønnes torvtaket paa laaven hans Flemming
      Outside, the turf roof on Flemming’s barn is turning green.
    • 2024, Mímir Kristjánsson, Pabbi, page 8:
      far hans Hrifla står det mye fint om i sagaene
      The sagas have many fine things to say about Hrifla’s father.
  5. (formal, honorific) His; used before a title when referring to a man of high rank, with an initial capital.
    Hans Majestet åpnet utstillingen. ― His Majesty opened the exhibition.
    Hans Majestet — His Majesty.
    Hans Kongelige Høyhet — His Royal Highness.
    Hans Eksellense — His Excellency.
    Hans Hellighet — His Holiness.
    Hans Nåde — His Grace.
    • 1999, Bergljot Hobæk Haff, Sigbrits bålferd‎[12]:
      ikke si noe til kongen. Hans Nåde kommer til å drepe deg
      Do not say anything to the king. His Grace is going to kill you.

Usage notes

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  • Hans is invariable: bilen hans (“his car”), boka hans (“his book”), huset hans (“his house”), bøkene hans (“his books”). It does not agree with the gender or number of what is possessed.
  • After a noun, hans normally accompanies the definite form: boka hans (“his book”). Some kinship terms also allow the indefinite form, as in far hans (“his father”). Before a noun, the noun is indefinite, but an accompanying adjective has its definite form: hans nye bok (“his new book”). Preposed hans often emphasizes the possessor or gives the phrase a more formal tone.
  • When the possessor is the subject of the same clause, sin, si, sitt or sine is normally used: Per tok bilen sin (“Per took his own car”), but Per tok bilen hans (“Per took another man's car”). Hans can refer to the subject of a different clause: Per sa at bilen hans var ødelagt (“Per said that his car was broken”).[2]
  • Within the subject itself, use hans rather than reflexive sin: Per og broren hans kom (“Per and his brother came”).[3]
  • In the dialectal construction bilen hans Per (“Per's car”), the following name identifies the possessor; hans is not an additional possessor. The construction corresponds to Pers bil or bilen til Per.
  • Dialectal spellings such as hass, hasses and hannes occur in representations of regional speech.
  • The ordinary possessive is lowercase. It is capitalized in fixed honorific formulas such as Hans Majestet; direct address instead uses Deres (“your”), as in Deres Majestet (“Your Majesty”).[4]

See also

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  • han (“he; him”)
  • ham (“him”)
  • hennes (“her; hers”)
  • sin (“his own; her own; its own; their own”)
Norwegian Bokmål personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
masculine feminine neuter plural
Singular First – jeg meg min mi mitt mine
Second general du deg din di ditt dine
formal (rare) De Dem Deres
Third masculine (person) han ham / han hans
feminine (person) hun henne hennes
masculine (noun) den dens
feminine (noun)
neuter (noun) det dets
reflexive – seg sin si sitt sine
Plural First – vi oss vår vårt våre
Second general dere deres
formal (very rare) De Dem Deres
Third general de dem deres
reflexive – seg sin si sitt sine

Pronoun

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hans

  1. his; that which belongs to or is associated with him; used independently, with the possessed noun understood.
    Den røde sykkelen er min, og den blå er hans. ― The red bicycle is mine, and the blue one is his.
    • 1877, Arne Garborg, Den ny-norske Sprog- og Nationalitetsbevægelse‎[13], page 54:
      hver har taget sit og indrømmet den anden hans
      Each has taken his own and allowed the other his.

References

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  1. ^ Vegard Aukrust (2004), Kasusbøyinga i Lom i mellomnorsk tid – ein tilstandsrapport, NTNU, page 94.
  2. ^ “Seg eller han/ho?”, Språkrådet.
  3. ^ “Grammatikk 3”, Norwegian on the Web, NTNU.
  4. ^ “Stor eller liten forbokstav”, Språkrådet.

Anagrams

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse hans, genitive of hann (“he”).

Determiner

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hans

  1. possessive of han; his; belonging to him
    huset hans brann opp
    his house burnt down
    far hans var vaksen opp der
    his father had grown up there
    hans store sorg
    his great sorrow
    sorga er hans
    the sorrow is his
  2. of (expressing possession or association)
    kjerringa hans Einar døydde
    the wife of Einar (Einar's wife) died
Usage notes
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  • As with the han, hans is not used only with masculine persons, but also with masculine nouns. The same cannot be said for the sense expressing possession or association, used more like a preposition.
  • When applied after a noun, the noun should always be in its definite form. This is by far the most normal way in which hans is used. Some familial terms are exempt, but not excluded. These are bror, far, and mor, though occasionally also dotter and syster.
  • Though not as common, hans may also come preceding a nominal phrase. This is usually done for emphasis or for phrases that might be considered more "fixed". In these cases, the noun should be in its appropriate indefinite form. The phrase itself must still be considered definite though, and as such, adjectives still inflected in their definite forms.
Synonyms
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  • (expressing possession or association): til (preposition) (used irrespective of gender of possessor)
See also
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Norwegian Nynorsk personal pronouns
first person second person reflexive third person
masculine feminine neuter
singular nominative eg, je1 du — han ho det, dat2
accusative meg deg seg han, honom1 ho, henne det, dat2
dative2 meg deg seg honom1 henne di2
genitive min din sin hans hennar, hennes1 dess3
plural nominative me, vi, mid2 de, dokker, did2, I2 — dei
accusative oss, okker2 dykk, dokker, øder2 seg dei, deim2
dative2 oss, okker2 dykk, dokker, øder2 seg deim2
genitive vår, okkar2 dykkar, dokkar, ødar2 sin deira, deires1

1Obsolete. 2Landsmål. 3Rare or literary. Italic forms unofficial today.

Etymology 2

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Noun

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hans m (definite singular hansen, indefinite plural hansar, definite plural hansane)

  1. clipping of hansel

Etymology 3

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From the verb hanse.

Noun

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hans m (definite singular hansen, uncountable)

  1. (historical, nautical, collective) a feast or a set of gifts which a sailor was expected to provide his fellow crewmen upon the return of his first voyage.

References

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Anagrams

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Old Norse

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Pronoun

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hans

  1. genitive singular of hann

Portuguese

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Noun

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hans m

  1. plural of han

Swedish

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /hans/
  • Audio:(file)

Pronoun

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hans

  1. (personal pronoun): his
    Boken är hans
    The book is his
    Det är hans bok
    It is his book
    Hans mamma heter Berit
    His mother's name is Berit
    (literally, “His mother is-named Berit”)
    Bilen hans är trasig
    His car is broken [dialectal word order, but common enough to not sound ungrammatical to any native speakers]
    (literally, “The car his is broken”)

Declension

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Swedish personal pronouns
Number Person nominative oblique possessive
common neuter plural
singular first — jag mig, mej3 min mitt mina
second — du dig, dej3 din ditt dina
third masculine (person) han honom, han2, en5 hans
feminine (person) hon henne, na5 hennes
gender-neutral (person)1 hen hen, henom7 hens
common (noun) den den dess
neuter (noun) det det dess
indefinite man or en4 en ens
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
plural first — vi oss vår, våran2 vårt, vårat2 våra
second — ni er er, eran2, ers6 ert, erat2 era
archaic I eder eder, eders6 edert edra
third — de, dom3 dem, dom3 deras
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
1Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, though it remains limited.
2Informal
4Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.
5Informal, somewhat dialectal
6Formal address
7Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Derived terms

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References

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