hetman

See also: Hetman

English

Etymology

From Polish hetman, probably from Middle High German houbetman, heuptman (“commander”), from Old High German houbitman, from Proto-West Germanic *haubidamann. Compare modern German Hauptmann (“captain”), Haupt, Mann. The Polish e in hetman attests to a borrowing from an East Central German dialect, in which Middle High German -öu- gives -ē-. Doublet of head man.

Noun

hetman (plural hetmans or hetmen)

1. (history) A Cossack headman or general.
2. Title used by the second-highest military commander in Poland and Lithuania (15th to 18th century).

Derived terms

• hetmanate
• hetmanship

Translations

a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries

• Azerbaijani:

  Arabic: حطمان (hətaman)

  Latin: getman

• Belarusian: ге́тман m (hjétman)
• Bulgarian: хе́тман m (hétman)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 蓋特曼 / 盖特曼 (gàitèmàn)

• Czech: hejtman (cs) m
• Danish: hetman c
• Finnish: hetmani (fi)
• Georgian: ჰეტმანი (heṭmani)
• German: Hetman m
• Greek: χετμάνος m (chetmános)
• Hungarian: hetman (hu)
• Italian: etmano m
• Japanese: ヘトマン (hetoman)
• Korean: 헤트만 (heteuman)
• Lithuanian: etmonas m
• Macedonian: хе́тман m (hétman)
• Polish: hetman (pl) m
• Portuguese: hétmã m, hétmane m
• Romanian: hatman (ro) m
• Russian: ге́тман (ru) m (gétman)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: хетман m

  Latin: hetman (sh) m

• Spanish: hetman m
• Swedish: hetman (sv) c
• Turkish:

  Ottoman Turkish: هطمان (hetman)

• Ukrainian: ге́тьман m (hétʹman)
• Uzbek: getman (uz)

See also

• ataman
• hegumen

References

• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “гетьман”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova dumka

Anagrams

• Hemant, Manthe, anthem, mentha, nameth, the man

French

Noun

hetman m (plural hetmans)

1. hetman

Further reading

• “hetman”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

substratebor.?

Proto-Indo-European *kap-?

Proto-Indo-European *kap-

Proto-Indo-European *káput

Proto-Germanic *haubudąder.

Proto-Germanic *haubidą

Proto-West Germanic *haubidder.

Proto-West Germanic *haubida-

Proto-Indo-European *mon-

Proto-Germanic *mann-

Proto-West Germanic *mann

Proto-West Germanic *haubidamann

Old High German houbitman

Middle High German houbetman  / heuptmanbor.

Old Polish hetman

Polish hetman

Inherited from Old Polish hetman, borrowed from Middle High German houbetman  / heuptman, from Old High German houbitman. The e in hetman attests to a borrowing from an East Central German dialect, in which Middle High German -öu- gives -ē-.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɛt.man/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈxɛt.mɒn/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛtman
• Syllabification: het‧man

Noun

hetman m animal

1. (chess) queen (chess piece)

   Synonyms: dama, królowa, królówka

Declension

Declension of hetman

	singular	plural
nominative	hetman	hetmany
genitive	hetmana	hetmanów
dative	hetmanowi	hetmanom
accusative	hetmana	hetmany
instrumental	hetmanem	hetmanami
locative	hetmanie	hetmanach
vocative	hetmanie	hetmany

Noun

hetman m pers

1. (historical, military) Cossack military commander
2. (historical, military) title used by the senior military commanders in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (15th to 18th century)
3. (Middle Polish, military) any sort of military leader

Declension

Declension of hetman

	singular	plural
nominative	hetman	hetmani, hetmanowie, hetmany1
genitive	hetmana	hetmanów
dative	hetmanowi	hetmanom
accusative	hetmana	hetmanów
instrumental	hetmanem	hetmanami
locative	hetmanie	hetmanach
vocative	hetmanie	hetmani, hetmanowie

¹Deprecative.

Derived terms

adjectives

• hetmanowy
• hetmański

nouns

• hetman koszowy
• hetman polny
• hetman sahajdaczny
• hetman wielki
• hetmanic
• hetmanowa
• hetmanowicz
• hetmanówna
• hetmańczuk
• hetmaństwo
• hetmańszczyzna

verbs

• hetmanić impf
• zahetmanić pf

Descendants

• → Belarusian: ге́тман (hjétman)
• → Bulgarian: хе́тман (hétman)
• → English: hetman
• → French: hetman
• → German: Hetman
• → Portuguese: hétmã, hétmane
• → Romanian: hatman
• → Ukrainian: ге́тьман (hétʹman)
• → Russian: ге́тман (gétman)
  • → Uzbek: getman
• → Spanish: hetman

See also

Chess pieces in Polish · bierki szachowe (layout · text)
król	hetman, królowa, królówka, dama	wieża	goniec, laufer, giermek	skoczek, koń, konik	pion, pionek

Further reading

• “hetman”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[1] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “hetman”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[2] (in Polish)
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “hetman”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Tok Pisin

Etymology

Possibly English head + man.

Noun

hetman

1. chief; leader

References

• Volker, C. A. (general editor), et al. (2008), Papua New Guinea Tok Pisin English Dictionary, Oxford University Press in association with Wantok Niuspepa, →ISBN, page 26