log

See also: Appendix:Variations of "log"

㏒ U+33D2, ㏒ SQUARE LOG ← ㏑ [U+33D1] CJK Compatibility ㏓ → [U+33D3]

Translingual

Etymology 1

Clipping of New Latin logarithmus.

Symbol

log

1. (mathematics) logarithm

   if $x=b^y$ then ${\log }_b(x)=y$

   • 2023 November, “EXTRA MATHEMATICS ADMISSIONS TEST”, in Oxford University‎^[3] (in English), archived from the original on 2 February 2025, page 3:

     Which of the following numbers is the smallest?
     (a) ${\log }_{10}(\sqrt[10]{10^{11}})$ […]

Usage notes

• If not specified, the base of the logarithm is assumed to be either 2, 10, or e, depending on context:
  • Base e is most common in professional mathematics.
  • Base 10 is typical for many calculators, in the physical sciences, and in secondary school pedagogy.
  • Base 2 is frequently used in theoretical computer science but rare outside that field.

Hyponyms

• (with base e) ln
• (with base 10) lg
• (with base 2) lb, ld

Etymology 2

Clipping of English Logo.

Symbol

log

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Logo.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Logo terms

English

Alternative forms

• logg, logge (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• (UK)
  • (Received Pronunciation, Northern England, Wales) IPA^(key): /lɒɡ/
  • (Standard Southern British, Scotland) IPA^(key): /lɔɡ/
• (US)
  • (without the cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /lɔɡ/, /lɑɡ/
  • (cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /lɑɡ/

  • Audio (US); /lɑɡ/:

    (file)

• (Canada) IPA^(key): /lɒɡ/
• (Australia) IPA^(key): /lɔɡ/
• (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /lɒɡ/, [lɔ̟ɡ] ~ [lɞ̠ɡ]
• Hyphenation: log
• Rhymes: -ɒɡ, -ɔːɡ

Etymology 1

A log pile (noun sense 1)

From Middle English logge, logg (first recorded in Anglo-Latin as loggum), of uncertain origin, but probably from Old Norse lóg, lág (“felled tree, log”), derived from Old Norse liggja (“to lie”). If so, then cognate with Norwegian låg (“fallen tree”), Dutch loog (“wood, timber, lumber”).

Alternatively, directly from Norwegian låg (“fallen tree”), which could have been borrowed through the Norwegian timber trade. However the Old Norse/Middle Norwegian vowel is long while Middle English vowel is short.

Noun

log (plural logs)

2. The trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches.

   They walked across the stream on a fallen log.

4. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) Any bulky piece as cut from the above, used as timber, fuel etc.
   • 1995, “New American Standard Bible: Matthew 7, 3 - 5”, in nasb.scripturetext.com‎^[4]:

     Why do you look at the speck that is in your brother's eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye? Or how can you say to your brother, "Let me take the speck out of your eye," and behold, the log is in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother's eye.

6. A unit of length equivalent to 16 feet, used for measuring timber, especially the trunk of a tree.
8. (figuratively) Any cylinder; anything shaped like a tree log, particularly:
   • 1968, Paper Converting Machine Co., Inc. V. FMC Corporation‎^[5], United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, page 1331:

     3. An apparatus for cutting a log of paper or the like into a plurality of sections of predetermined length[.]

   • 2011, Edward Espe Brown, The Complete Tassajara Cookbook:

     Dip both sides in the sauce on the plate and then arrange a log of cheese filling down the middle of the tortilla.

   • 2013, Patricia Kimle, Perfectly Paired: Designing Jewelry With Polymer and Metal Clays‎^[6], Kalmbach Books, →ISBN, METAL CLAY COMPONENTS, page 55:

     2. Apply a light film of hand balm in the mold. Roll a log of metal clay and press it into the mold channel (b).

   2. A rolled cake with filling.

      Hyponyms: Swiss roll, Yule log

   4. (vulgar) A solid and long piece of feces.

      Hypernym: turd

   6. (vulgar) The penis.

      Synonyms: see Thesaurus:penis

10. (nautical) A floating device, usually of wood, used in navigation to estimate the speed of a vessel through water.

    Hyponyms: chip log, taffrail log

    • 1659, Navigation by the Mariners Plain Scale New Plain'd, by John Collins

      Every Noon the Master and his Mates take the reckoning off the Log-board, and double the Knots run, and then divide the Product, which is the number of Miles run by three, the quotient is the Leagues run since the former Noon, and according to custom the Log is thrown every two hours, and I never knew the course nearer expressed on the Log-board, then to half a point of the Compass.

12. (figuratively) A blockhead; a very stupid person.
14. (surfing slang) A heavy longboard.
    • 1999 June 19, Neal Miyake, “SURF OBSERVATIONS”, in HI Surf Advisory‎^[7], archived from the original on 23 January 2000:

      I know [Buddy] hadn't surfed on a log much in his childhood, but he must've been watching them Makaha rippah's.

16. (mining) A weight or block near the free end of a hoisting rope to prevent it from being drawn through the sheave.

Derived terms

• ants on a log
• as easy as rolling off a log
• backlog
• Christmas log
• drop a log
• Dutchman's log
• easy as falling off a log
• easy as rolling off a log
• firelog
• flog the log
• footlog
• hand log
• heave the log
• lick log
• like a bump on a log
• like falling off a log
• like rolling off a log
• logboard
• log boat
• logboat
• log book
• log-burner
• log burner
• log cabin
• log car
• log chip
• log dog
• log drive
• log flume
• logger
• logget
• loggish
• log-glass
• loggy
• loghouse
• logjam
• log jam
• logless
• loglet
• loglike
• logmaker
• logman
• logperch
• log reel
• log ride
• logrolling
• logrunner
• log scaler
• log splitter
• log washer
• logway
• logwood
• logwork
• moorlog
• murder log
• nurse log
• patent log
• putlog
• sawlog
• sleep like a log
• stoplog

Translations

trunk of dead tree, cleared of branches

• Arabic: خَشَبَة f (ḵašaba)
• Armenian: գերան (hy) (geran)
• Azerbaijani: şalban (az), tir
• Belarusian: бервяно́ (be) n (bjervjanó), бярно́ n (bjarnó), кало́да f (kalóda)
• Bulgarian: дъ́нер (bg) m (dắner)
• Burmese: တုံး (my) (tum:)
• Catalan: tió (ca) m, tronc (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 圓木 / 圆木 (zh) (yuánmù)

• Czech: kmen (cs) m, kláda (cs) f
• Dutch: boomstam (nl), boomstronk (nl)
• Esperanto: ŝtipo
• Estonian: ront, palk (et)
• Finnish: runko (fi), puunrunko
• French: grume (fr) f, tronc (fr)
• Galician: rolla f, tora f
• Georgian: მორი (mori)
• German: Rundholz n (forestial), Langholz n (forestial), Baumstamm (de) m, Stamm (de) m
• Greek: κούτσουρο (el) n (koútsouro), κορμός (el) m (kormós)

  Ancient Greek: στέλεχος n (stélekhos)

• Hebrew: בּוּל עֵץ (he) m (bul 'etz)
• Hindi: कुंदा (hi) m (kundā), लट्ठा (hi) m (laṭṭhā)
• Icelandic: drumbur (is) m
• Ingrian: hers, palkki
• Irish: bloc m
• Italian: tronco (it)
• Japanese: 丸太 (ja) (まるた, maruta), 丸木 (ja) (まるき, maruki)
• Kazakh: бөрене (börene)
• Khmer: ហ៊ុប (hup)
• Komi:

  Komi-Zyrian: кер (ker)

• Korean: 통나무 (ko) (tongnamu)
• Kyrgyz: жумуру жыгач (jumuru jıgac)
• Lao: ຂອນ (lo) (khǭn), ຕົ້ນ (ton)
• Latin: stīpes m, tignum n
• Latvian: baļķis m, bluķis m
• Lithuanian: rąstas m
• Macedonian: клада f (klada), стебло n (steblo)
• Malay: balak (ms)
• Mansaka: batang
• Mansi:

  Northern Mansi: ^{(please verify)} нор (nor)

• Māori: kōporo
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: гуалин (mn) (gualin)

• Munsee: ăpánzhuy
• Nogai: бурыс (burıs)
• Occitan: tronc (oc) m, bilhon m
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: брьвьно n (brĭvĭno)

• Old East Slavic: бьрьвьно n (bĭrĭvĭno), колода f (koloda)
• Old English: stocc m
• Old Turkic: 𐰃𐰍𐰲 (ig¹č /⁠ïɣač⁠/)
• Persian: کُندِه (fa) (konde)
• Polish: kłoda (pl) f
• Portuguese: tora (pt) f
• Romagnol: zòc m, zöc m (Bassa Romagna)
• Romanian: buștean (ro) m, trunchi (ro) n
• Russian: бревно́ (ru) n (brevnó), коло́да (ru) f (kolóda)
• Scottish Gaelic: sgonn m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: бр́вно n

  Latin: bŕvno (sh) n

• Sicilian: zuccu (scn)
• Slovak: kmeň (sk) m, brvno n, klada f
• Slovene: hlod (sl) m
• Southern Altai: јадык (ǰadïk), агаш (agaš), айылдыҥ базырузы (ayïldïŋ bazïruzï)
• Spanish: leño (es) m, tronco (es) m
• Swahili: gogo
• Swedish: stock (sv) c
• Tagalog: punghal, kalap
• Tajik: ғӯлачӯб (ġülačüb), болор (bolor), кунда (kunda)
• Thai: ซุง (th) (sung), ท่อน (th) (tɔ̂n)
• Tibetan: ཤིང་དུམ (shing dum)
• Turkish: kütük (tr)

  Ottoman Turkish: كوتوك (kütük)

• Ukrainian: коло́да (uk) f (kolóda), бервено́ (uk) n (bervenó)
• Uzbek: yogʻoch (uz), xoda (uz)
• Vietnamese: gỗ tròn
• Welsh: boncyff (cy) m, cyff m
• Yiddish: ליפּע f (lipe), בערווענע f (bervene)

bulky piece of timber

• Azerbaijani: şalban (az)
• Belarusian: бервяно́ (be) n (bjervjanó), пале́на n (paljéna), кало́да f (kalóda)
• Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can
• Burmese: တုံး (my) (tum:)
• Catalan: tronc (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 木頭 / 木头 (zh) (mùtou)

• Czech: poleno (cs) n
• Dutch: houtblok (nl) m
• Estonian: palk (et), pakk (et)
• Finnish: tukki (fi), hirsi (fi)
• French: bûche (fr) f
• Galician: rebolo (gl) m
• German: Sägerundholz n (forestial), Kurzholz n (forestial), Rundbalken m, Stammabschnitt m, Stammstück n, Holzklotz (de) m (coll.)
• Greek: κούτσουρο (el) n (koútsouro)
• Ingrian: hersi, palkki
• Italian: tronchetto, ceppo (it) m
• Japanese: 薪 (ja) (まき, maki)
• Khmer: ដុល (km) (dol)
• Korean: 통나무 (ko) (tongnamu)
• Latin: cala f
• Lithuanian: malka (lt) f
• Occitan: fusta (oc) f, cepa f, estèla (oc) f
• Old East Slavic: бьрьвьно n (bĭrĭvĭno), полѣно n (polěno)
• Old English: stocc m
• Polish: kłoda (pl) f, polano (pl) n, kloc (pl) m, bierwiono (pl) n, bierwiono (pl) n
• Portuguese: tora (pt) f, cepo (pt) m
• Russian: бревно́ (ru) n (brevnó), поле́но (ru) n (poléno), коло́да (ru) f (kolóda)
• Scottish Gaelic: sgonn m
• Serbo-Croatian: klada (sh) f
• Slovak: poleno n
• Spanish: leño (es) m
• Swahili: gogo
• Swedish: stock (sv) c
• Tagalog: troso, punghal
• Turkish: tomruk (tr)

  Ottoman Turkish: كوتوك (kütük), طومروق (tomruk)

• Ukrainian: коло́да (uk) f (kolóda), полі́но n (políno), бервено́ (uk) n (bervenó)

nautical: device for measuring the speed of a vessel

• Bulgarian: лаг m (lag)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 計程儀 / 计程仪 (jìchéngyí)

• Danish: log (da) c
• Finnish: loki (fi)
• French: loch (fr) m
• German: Log (de) n
• Greek: δρομόμετρο (el) n (dromómetro)
• Hebrew: לוֹג (he) m (log), מַד מְהִירוּת m (mad mehirut)
• Italian: solcometro
• Japanese: 測程儀 (そくていぎ, sokuteigi)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: logg (no) m

  Nynorsk: logg m

• Portuguese: barquilha f, barquinha f
• Russian: лаг (ru) m (lag)
• Spanish: registro (es) m
• Swedish: logg (sv) c

very dumb person — see blockhead

surfing: longboard — see longboard

rolled cake — see Swiss roll

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Arabic: ^{(please verify)} زَنَد اَلْخَشَب m (zanad al-ḵašab)
• Estonian: ^{(please verify)} palk (et)
• Georgian: ^{(please verify)} დირე (dire)
• German: ^{(please verify)} Holzklotz (de) m
• Hungarian: ^{(please verify)} fatönk (hu)
• Icelandic: ^{(please verify)} trjádrumbur m, ^{(please verify)} drumbur (is) m
• Korean: ^{(please verify)} 통나무 (ko) (tongnamu)
• Persian: ^{(please verify)} ثبت کردن وقایع, ^{(please verify)} کنده (fa), ^{(please verify)} قطعه ایازدرخت که اره نشده, ^{(please verify)} سرعت سنجکشتی, ^{(please verify)} کارنامه (fa), ^{(please verify)} صورت عملیات, ^{(please verify)} سفرنامه کشتی, ^{(please verify)} گزارش سفرنامه کشتی, ^{(please verify)} گزارش سفرهواپیما, ^{(please verify)} گزارش روزانه عملیات هیئت یاعملیات موتوریاماشین وغیره, ^{(please verify)} کندن کنده درخت, ^{(please verify)} درسفرنامه واردکردن
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} stock (sv) c

Verb

log (third-person singular simple present logs, present participle logging, simple past and past participle logged)

1. (transitive) To cut trees into logs.
2. (transitive) To cut down (trees).
   • 2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 29:

     Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.

3. (intransitive) To cut down trees in an area, harvesting and transporting the logs as wood.

Derived terms

• logger
• logging

Translations

to cut down trees

• Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can
• Dutch: houthakken (nl)
• Finnish: hakata (fi) (large quantity), kaataa puita (individual trees)
• French: couper (fr), abattre (fr)
• Greek: υλοτομώ (el) (ylotomó)
• Japanese: 伐採 (ja) (bassai)
• Portuguese: cortar (pt)
• Spanish: talar (es)
• Swedish: fälla (träd) (sv)

Etymology 2

Clipping of logbook, itself from log (etymology 1) + book, from a wooden float (chip log) used to measure speed.

Noun

log (plural logs)

2. A logbook, or journal of a vessel's (or aircraft's) progress.
   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

     The captain sat down to his log, and here is the beginning of the entry:...

   • 2023 November 15, Prof. Jim Wild, “This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL, number 996, page 30:

     The scientific instruments of the day recorded rapid fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field, as powerful electrical currents flowed through the upper atmosphere. Ships' logs noted observations of the northern lights as far south as the Caribbean, and telegraph systems across the world were disrupted as electrical currents were induced in the copper lines.

3. (computing, networking) A chronological record of actions, performances, or computer and network usage, etc.
4. (computer science) Specifically, an append-only sequential record of events written to a file, display, or other data stream.
5. (criminal slang) Logins, stolen login data.
   • 2020 September 6, Tankz, “Click It”‎^[8]:

     Swing me the log, I'm cashing it
     Tz got beef, you know that I'm backing it

Derived terms

• changelog
• chatlog
• datalog
• devlog
• hacklog
• key log
• lifelog
• linklog
• logboard
• logfile
• logject
• logless
• logline
• logpoint
• log pot
• logsheet
• log slate
• log spam
• log-structured
• photolog
• syntelog
• tracer log
• tracklog
• trip log
• tumblelog
• weblog
• worklog
• write-ahead log

Translations

logbook — see logbook

chronological record

• Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can
• Estonian: päevik, kroonika
• Finnish: lokikirja (fi)
• Greek: χρονολογία (el) f (chronología)
• Hebrew: יומן (he) m (yomán)
• Irish: taifead m
• Japanese: 履歴 (ja) (rireki), 記録 (ja) (kiroku), ログ (ja) (rogu)
• Māori: rangitaki
• Persian: روینگار
• Polish: log (pl) m
• Russian: журна́л (ru) m (žurnál), рее́стр (ru) m (rejéstr)
• Swedish: logg (sv) c, journal (sv) c, dagbok (sv) c, diarium (sv) n
• Turkish: kütük (tr)

(computer) an append-only sequence of records written to disk

• Bulgarian: лог m (log)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 日誌 / 日志 (zh) (rìzhì)

• Finnish: loki (fi) sg
• Hebrew: יומן (he) m (yomán)
• Māori: rangitaki
• Polish: log (pl) m
• Russian: лог (ru) m (log)
• Turkish: kütük (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Estonian: ^{(please verify)} logiraamat, ^{(please verify)} logi (et)
• Hungarian: ^{(please verify)} napló (hu)
• Latvian: ^{(please verify)} žurnāls m
• Slovene: ^{(please verify)} dnevnik (sl) m
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} logg (sv) c, ^{(please verify)} loggbok (sv) c

Verb

log (third-person singular simple present logs, present participle logging, simple past and past participle logged)

1. (transitive) To make, to add an entry (or more) in a log or logbook.

   to log the miles travelled by a ship

   • 2026 September 3, Stutee, “Jang Mi-ran, 37, Vanished on Jeju Island in 2026. Her Mishandled Case Sparked a National Review of 310,000 Missing-Person Cases”, in Skip Boring‎^[9], archived from the original on 3 September 2026:

     Within two hours of the case being filed, Officer Bu logged that the missing person refused to meet with police and requested that their phone number not be disclosed, thereby falsifying electronic evidence rather than investigating the case.

2. (transitive) To travel (a distance) as shown in a logbook.
3. (transitive) To travel at a specified speed, as ascertained by a chip log.
4. (transitive) This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
   • 2019, Abby Chava Stein, Becoming Eve, Seal Press, page 188:

     A few times a year, the yeshiva held study competitions to see who could log the most hours learning, and students would study for hours and hours without stopping for anything.

Derived terms

• loggable
• log in
• log into
• log off
• log on
• log onto
• log out
• mislog
• waterlog

Translations

make an entry in a log

• Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: kirjata (fi)
• French: inscrire (fr) un évènement dans un journal, ajouter (fr) un évènement (une ligne, une information) dans un journal (no specific verb)
• German: protokollieren (de)
• Hebrew: רשם (he) (rashám)
• Japanese: 記録する (kirokusuru)
• Persian: روینگاشتن
• Portuguese: lançar (pt)
• Spanish: registrar (es)
• Swedish: logga (sv), anteckna (sv), journalföra, diarieföra (sv)

Etymology 3

Ellipsis of log out, itself from Etymology 2.

Verb

log (third-person singular simple present logs, present participle logging, simple past and past participle logged)

2. (video games) To log out; to disconnect from an online video game.

   You only won that game because your last opponent logged. That's no fair!

Derived terms

• combat log
• PvP log

Etymology 4

Verb

log (third-person singular simple present logs, present participle logging, simple past and past participle logged)

1. (obsolete) To move to and fro; to rock.

Etymology 5

From Hebrew לֹג.

Noun

log (plural logs)

1. (historical units of measure) A Hebrew unit of liquid volume (about ¹⁄₃ liter).
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Leviticus 14:10:

     ...and one log of oil...

   • 1902, Jewish Encyclopedia, s.v. "Weights and Measures":

     In the Hebrew system the log (Lev. xiv. 10) corresponds to the mina. Since the Hellenistic writers equate the log with the Græco-Roman sextarius, whatever these writers say on the relation of the sextarius to other measures applies also to the relation of these measures to the log. The log and the sextarius, however, are not equal in capacity. The sextarius is estimated at .547 liter, while there is no reason to regard the log as larger than the Babylonian mina, especially as other references of the Greek metrologists support the assumption that the log was equal to the mina. The fact that in the Old Testament the log is mentioned only as a fluid measure may be merely accidental, for the dry measures, which are distinguished in all other cases from the liquid measures, also have the log as their unit. The corresponding dry measure may, however, have been known under a different name.

Meronyms

• cab, kab (4 logs); hin (12 logs); bath (72 logs); cor, kor, homer, chomer (720 logs)

Etymology 6

A clipping of logarithm.

Noun

log (plural logs)

1. Synonym of logarithm.

   To multiply two numbers, add their logs.

2. (sciences) A difference of one in the logarithm, usually in base 10; an order of magnitude.
   • 1978, F. J. Silverblatt, I. Ofek, “Influence of Pili on the Virulence of Proteus mirabilis in Experimental Hematogenous Pyelonephritis”, in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, volume 138, number 5, →DOI:

     During the first 24 hr, however, titers of the lightly piliated organisms in the kidney increased by 4 logs, whereas the heavily piliated P. mirabilis were virtually all eliminated.

Derived terms

• antilog
• common log
• lin-log
• loglike
• loglikelihood
• log-lin
• log-linear
• log-log
• log-logistic
• log-log paper
• lognormal
• log-normal distribution
• logscale
• logspace
• log table
• natural log
• polylog
• semilog
• semi-log paper
• skew-T log-P diagram

See also

• bandar log

References

• “log”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• Glo.

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *lēga, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to put down, lie down”). Compare Old Frisian lōch, Dutch oorlog (“war”), Middle High German urlage (“fate, battle”), Old English log (“place”), Old Norse løgi (“tranquillity”), Greek λόχος (lóchos, “confinement”), Tocharian A lake, Tocharian B leke (“lair”), Old Irish lige (“bad, grave”). Alternatively derived from Proto-Slavic *lǫgъ, compare Serbo-Croatian lug, Bulgarian лъг (lăg).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [lɔɡ], /loɡ/
• Rhymes: -ɔɡ, -oɡ

Noun

log m (plural logje, definite logu, definite plural logjet)

1. field (in a forest); flat ground, area, lawn

   Synonyms: lëndinë, shesh, rrafsh

2. (archaic, chiefly Gheg) battlefield

   Synonym: mejdan

Declension

Declension of log

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	log	logu	logje	logjet
accusative		logun
dative	logu	logut	logjeve	logjeve
ablative			logjesh

Related terms

• lamth
• lug
• llogore

Further reading

• “log”, in FMGJSH: Fjalor i madh i gjuhës shqipe (in Albanian), 2026
• Mann, S. E. (1948), “log”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 250

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɔx/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔx

Etymology 1

Cognates may include English log, lag, Middle High German luggich (“slow”).

Adjective

log (comparative logger, superlative logst)

1. lumbering, inert, slow in movement; immobile
2. (originally) plumb, (too) heavy in build and/or weight
3. cumbersome, hard to move or change
4. dull, uninspired

Declension

Declension of log
uninflected	log
inflected	logge
comparative	logger
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		log	logger	het logst het logste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	logge	loggere	logste
	n. sing.	log	logger	logste
	plural	logge	loggere	logste
definite		logge	loggere	logste
partitive		logs	loggers	—

Derived terms

• loggroot
• logheid
• logte
• logzwaar
• verloggen

Etymology 2

Cognate with liegen (“to (tell a) lie”), German lügen. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

log n (uncountable, no diminutive)

1. (obsolete) falsehood

Derived terms

• logbaar
• onlogbaar

Etymology 3

Borrowed from German Loch (“hole, opening, cavity”).

Noun

log n (plural loggen, no diminutive)

1. (obsolete) alternative form of loch

Derived terms

• jammerlog
• loggat
• schutlog

Etymology 4

From English log (see above), sense (and short for) chip log.

Noun

log m (plural loggen, diminutive logje n)

1. a chip log, instrument to measure a vessel's speed

   Synonym: logplankje

Derived terms

• handlog
• leklog
• logboek n (perhaps from English logbook)
• loggekas
• loggen
• logglas
• loglijn, loglijnknoop
• logmerk
• logplankje
• logrol
• logschuitje
• logtafel
• patentlog

Etymology 5

From logboek.

Noun

log n (plural loggen, diminutive logje n)

1. logbook
2. (computing) log

Etymology 6

Noun

log n or m (plural logs, diminutive logje n)

1. (Internet) weblog

   Synonym: blog

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /loːk/

Verb

log

1. first/third-person singular preterite of lügen

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈloɡ/ [ˈlɔk̚]
• Rhymes: -oɡ
• Syllabification: log

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch loog (“log, wood, timber, lumber”), probably from Old Norse lóg, lág (“felled tree, log”), derived from Old Norse liggja (“to lie”).

Noun

log (plural log-log)

1. log
   1. the trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches

      Synonym: gelondong

   2. (nautical) a floating device, usually of wood, used in navigation to estimate the speed of a vessel through water.
   3. a logbook, or journal of a vessel's (or aircraft's) progress.

      Synonym: buku log

   4. (computer science, computing) a chronological record of actions, performances, computer/network usage, etc.

      Synonyms: catatan, daftar

Derived terms

• log keluar
• log masuk

Verb

log (active menglog, reflexive passive terlog, ordinary passive dilog, imperative log, emphatic-jussive loglah)

1. to log

   Synonym: mendaftar

Etymology 2

A clipping of logaritma (“logarithm”).

Noun

log (plural log-log)

1. (mathematics) log, logarithm

Etymology 3

Derived from Hebrew לֹג.

Noun

log (plural log-log)

1. (historical units of measure) a Hebrew unit of liquid volume (about ¹⁄₃ liter).

Further reading

• “log”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish loc (“place”), possibly from Latin locus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /l̪ˠoɡ/, /l̪ˠɞɡ/
• Homophones: lag, lug (Ulster)

Noun

log m (genitive singular loig, nominative plural loig) or
log f (genitive singular loige, nominative plural loga)

1. (literary) place
2. hollow

Declension

Declension of log (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative log loig vocative a loig a loga genitive loig log dative log loig forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an log na loig genitive an loig na log dative leis an log don log leis na loig

Alternative declension

Declension of log (second declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative log loga vocative a log a loga genitive loige log dative log loig (archaic, dialectal) loga forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an log na loga genitive na loige na log dative leis an log leis an loig (archaic, dialectal) don log don loig (archaic, dialectal) leis na loga

Derived terms

• log amharclainne (“pit of theatre”)
• log an ghoile (“pit of stomach”)
• log catha (“site of battle”)
• log codlata (“sleeping-place”)
• log deice (“well-deck”)
• log dín (“valley (in roof)”)
• log margaidh (“market-place”)
• log salainn (“salt pan, salina, saline”)
• log staighre (“(well of) staircase”)
• log súile (“eye-socket”)
• log tine (“fire-box”)
• log tógála (“hoisting-shaft”)
• logainm (“place name”)
• logán (“pit, depression”)
• logfhungas (“cup-fungus”)

Descendants

• → Yola: lhug, lug

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “log”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 670; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “log”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Lombard

Etymology

From Latin locus.

Noun

log

1. (Old Lombard) a place

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse lǫgr (“lake, liquid”), from Proto-Germanic *laguz, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“pond, pool”). Cognates include Latin lacus and Scottish Gaelic loch.

Alternative forms

• Log (obsolete capitalization)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /loːɡ/
• Homophone: låg

Noun

log m (definite singular logen, indefinite plural logar, definite plural logane)

1. a fluid used in the boiling of plant material
   1. the resulting broth or stock from such a process
   2. (agriculture) a drink for livestock made from hey boiled or soaked in water
   3. (brewing) hot water poured over the malt during the brewing process
2. (in place names) a body of water, usually a river or lake

Synonyms

• (from boiling): avkok, kraft

Derived terms

• barlog
• briskelog
• einelog, einerlog
• humlelog
• tjærelog, tjørelog

Related terms

• låg (Norwegian Bokmål)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse lǫg, neuter plural nominative and accusative of lag. Akin to English law.

Alternative forms

• Log (obsolete capitalization)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /loːɡ/
• Homophone: låg

Noun

log f (definite singular logi, indefinite plural loger, definite plural logene)

1. archaic form of lov (“law”)
   • 1894, Log um sams normaltid fyr kongeriket Norig [Law about standard time in the Kingdom of Norway] (Wikipedia)

     §2 Naar normaltid etter denne logi er innførd, og det daa maatte visa seg trong til aa byta um noko klokkeslætte, som er nemnt i eldre loger, skal kongen kunne taka avgjerd um slikt umbyte fyr det heile land elder fyr einskilde landsluter.

     §2 If when, standard time is introduced according to this law, there be need to change some times mentioned in older laws, the king shall decide on such a change for all the land, or for a specific province.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /loːɡ/
• Homophone: låg

Verb

log

1. imperative of loga

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /luːɡ/

Verb

log

1. (non-standard since 1917) past of le

Anagrams

• glo, gol, -log

Old English

Alternative forms

• lōh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /loːɡ/, [loːɣ]
• Rhymes: -oːɡ

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *lōgą (“site, situation, camp”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to be situated, lie”). Cognate with Old Frisian lōch (“place, locality”), Old High German luog (“cave, den, cubicle”), Old Norse lóg (“place”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Greek λέκτρον (léktron), Latin lectus (“bed”), Albanian log (“place for men, gathering”), Proto-Celtic *legeti (Old Irish lige, Irish luí), Proto-Slavic *ležati (Russian лежа́ть (ležátʹ)).

Noun

lōg n

1. a place, stead

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	lōg	lōg
accusative	lōg	lōg
genitive	lōges	lōga
dative	lōge	lōgum

Derived terms

• lōhsceaft

Related terms

• ġeliġer
• lecgan
• leġer
• licgan
• lōgian

Descendants

• Middle English: loȝ, loogh, lough

Etymology 2

Inflected forms.

Verb

lōg

1. first-person singular preterite of lēan
2. third-person singular preterite of lēan

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: log

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *légʰyeti

Proto-Germanic *ligjaną

Old Norse liggjader.?

Middle English logge

English log

Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵosder.?

Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-der.?

Proto-Germanic *bōks

Proto-West Germanic *bōk

Old English bōc

Middle English bok

English book

English logbook

English logbor.

Polish log

Borrowed from English log.

Noun

log m inan

1. (nautical) log (navigation device for measuring the route traveled by a ship or its speed)
2. (computing) log (recording of computer system activities)

Declension

Declension of log

	singular	plural
nominative	log	logi
genitive	logu	logów
dative	logowi	logom
accusative	log	logi
instrumental	logiem	logami
locative	logu	logach
vocative	logu	logi

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

log n

1. (rare) genitive plural of logo

Further reading

• “log”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[10] (in Polish)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *logъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lôːɡ/

Noun

lȏg m inan (Cyrillic spelling ло̑г)

1. (archaic) bed

Declension

Declension of log

	singular	plural
nominative	log	logovi
genitive	loga	logova
dative	logu	logovima
accusative	log	logove
vocative	lože	logovi
locative	logu	logovima
instrumental	logom	logovima

References

• “log”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *lǫgъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lóːk/

Noun

lọ̑g m inan

1. grove
2. small forest

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	lóg
gen. sing.	lóga
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	lóg	lóga	lógi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	lóga	lógov	lógov
dative (dajȃlnik)	lógu	lógoma	lógom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	lóg	lóga	lóge
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	lógu	lógih	lógih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	lógom	lógoma	lógi

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• “log”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “log”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Swedish

Verb

log

1. past indicative of le

Anagrams

• glo, gol

Volapük

Etymology

Compound of French le and German Auge.

Noun

log (genitive loga, plural logs)

1. (anatomy) eye
   • 1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: VI:

     Log binon lampad koapa.

     The lamp of the body is the eye.

Declension

Declension of log

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	log	logs
Genitive	loga	logas
Dative	loge	loges
Accusative	logi	logis
Predicative1	logu	logus
Vocative	o log	o logs

1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

Derived terms

• logalip
• logön

Further reading

• “log”, in Vödabuk (in English, Esperanto, and Volapük)

White Hmong

Etymology

From Thai ล้อ (lɔ́ɔ) ("wheel") + or from Lao ລໍ້ (lǭ) ("wheel"), ultimately from Middle Chinese 轆 (luwk) ("wheel").

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lɒ˧˩̤/

Noun

log

1. wheel; tire (of a vehicle)