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Alcohol intoxication

From Wikipedia
alcohol intoxication
Subclass ofsubstance intoxication, short-term effects of alcohol, intoxication Edit
Has causealcohol consumption, ethanol Edit
Health specialtymedical toxicology Edit
ICPC 2 IDP16 Edit
Opposite ofsobriety Edit

Alcohol intoxication, dem commonly describe insyd higher doses as drunkenness anaa inebriation,[1] den known insyd overdose as alcohol poisoning,[2] be de behavior den physical effects wey recent consumption of alcohol cause.[3][4] De technical term intoxication insyd common speech fi suggest say a large amount of alcohol be consumed, wey dey lead to accompanying physical symptoms den deleterious health effects. Mild intoxication be mostly referred to by slang terms such as tipsy anaa buzzed. In addition to de toxicity of ethanol, de main psychoactive component of alcoholic beverages, oda physiological symptoms fi arise from de activity of acetaldehyde, a metabolite of alcohol.[5] Dese effects no fi arise til hours after ingestion den fi contribute to a condition dem colloquially know as a hangover.

Symptoms of intoxication at lower doses fi include mild sedation den poor coordination.[6] At higher doses, der fi be slurred speech, trouble walking, impaired vision, mood swings den vomiting.[6] Extreme doses fi result in a respiratory depression, coma, anaa death.[6] Complications fi include seizures, aspiration pneumonia, low blood sugar, den injuries anaa self-harm such as suicide.[6][7] Alcohol intoxication fi lead to alcohol-related crime, plus perpetrators more likely to be intoxicated dan victims.[8]

Alcohol intoxication typically dey begin after two anaa more alcoholic drinks.[9] Alcohol get de potential for abuse. Risk factors dey include a social situation wer heavy drinking be common wey a person get an impulsive personality.[9] Diagnosis be usually based on de history of events den physical examination.[3] Verification of events by witnesses fi be useful.[3] Legally, alcohol intoxication often be defined as a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of greater dan 5.4–17.4 mmol/L (25–80 mg/dL anaa 0.025–0.080%).[10][11] Dis fi be measured by blood anaa breath testing.[9] Alcohol be broken down insyd de human body at a rate of about 3.3 mmol/L (15 mg/dL) per hour,[3] wey dey depend on an individual ein metabolic rate (metabolism).[12] De DSM-5 dey define alcohol intoxication as at least one of de following symptoms wey develop during anaa close after alcohol ingestion: slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady walking/movement, nystagmus (uncontrolled eye movement), attention anaa memory impairment, anaa near unconsciousness anaa coma.[13]

Management of alcohol intoxication dey involve supportive care.[3] Typically, dis dey include putting de person insyd de recovery position, keeping de person warm, den dey make sure breathing be sufficient.[7] Gastric lavage den activated charcoal no been found to be useful.[3] Repeated assessments fi be required to rule out oda potential causes of a person ein symptoms.[3]

Acute intoxication be documented thru out history, den alcohol remain one of de world ein most widespread recreational drugs.[14][15] Sam religions, such as Islam, dey consider alcohol intoxication to be a sin.[9][16]

References

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  1. ↑ "inebriation". Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  2. ↑ Garfunkel, Lynn C.; Kaczorowski, Jeffrey; Christy, Cynthia (2007). Pediatric Clinical Advisor E-Book: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-323-07058-4.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jung, YC; Namkoong, K (2014). "Alcohol". Alcohol and the Nervous System. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 125. pp. 115–21. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-62619-6.00007-0. ISBN 978-0-444-62619-6. PMID 25307571.
  4. ↑ "Acute intoxication". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 4 July 2004. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  5. ↑ Zakhari, Samir (2006). "Overview: how is alcohol metabolized by the body?". Alcohol Research & Health. 29 (4): 245–254. ISSN 1535-7414. PMC 6527027. PMID 17718403.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Alcohol Toxicity and Withdrawal". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  7. 1 2 "Alcohol poisoning". nhs.uk. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  8. ↑ Sung, Hung-En (2016). "Alcohol and Crime". The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Wiley. pp. 1–2. doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosa039.pub2. ISBN 978-1-4051-6551-8.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013, pp. 497–499, ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8
  10. ↑ "Ethanol Level: Reference Range, Interpretation, Collection and Panels". Medscape. 22 April 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  11. ↑ Canfield, DV; Dubowski, KM; Cowan, M; Harding, PM (January 2014). "Alcohol Limits and Public Safety". Forensic Science Review. 26 (1): 9–22. PMID 26226968.
  12. ↑ "Alcohol Alert". pubs.niaaa.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  13. ↑ American Psychiatric Association (2013-05-22). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
  14. ↑ Belenko, Steven; Spohn, Cassia (2014). Drugs, Crime, and Justice. SAGE Publications. p. PT21. ISBN 978-1-4833-5542-9.
  15. ↑ Martin, Scott C. (2014). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Alcohol: Social, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives. SAGE Publications. p. PT1382. ISBN 978-1-4833-7438-3.
  16. ↑ Kolig, Erich (2012). Conservative Islam: A Cultural Anthropology. Lexington Books. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-7391-7425-8.
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