Ali Eisami
 Ali Eisami | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 1780s (231/241 shekaru) |
| Sana'a | |
Ali Eisami Gazirmabe na Bornu (an haife shi a shekara ta 1786-1787), wanda daga baya aka fi sani da William Harding, mutum ne na Kanuri wanda Royal Navy ta Burtaniya ta 'yantar da shi daga bautar. Bayan haka, ya zauna a Saliyo kuma ya yi aiki tare da mishan na Jamus Sigismund Koelle wajen kirkirar harshen Kanuri. Bugu da kari, Koelle ya rubuta labarun Eisami game da rayuwarsa, ya rubuta wani ɗan gajeren tarihin bautarsa; Koelle yana nufin mutumin Kanuri a matsayin "Ali Eisami Gazirma", wato, Ali, wanda mahaifiyarsa Eisa ce, daga Gazir.[1]
An kama Eisami a matsayin fursuna daga gidansa a lokacin yaƙi a Bornu kuma ya zama bawa. Bayan an sayar da shi shekaru daga baya a kasuwar bayi ta bakin teku, Royal Navy ta 'yantar da shi da sauran fursunoni a teku a 1817, yayin da aka dakatar da Cinikin bayi na Atlantic. An kai su sabon mulkin mallaka na Saliyo a Yammacin Afirka don sake zama, inda ya yi sabon gida.[2]
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Ali Eisami a Gazir a cikin Daular Kanem-Bornu, a cikin shekara ta 1786 ko 1787, tsakanin Mutanen Kanuri (a yankin Nijar na yanzu, Najeriya da Chadi). Mahaifinsa mallam ne, masanin kimiyya, kuma Eisami ya sami ilimi bisa ga al'adar Islama. A lokacin Yaƙin Fulani, ya ga faduwar Ngazargamu; iyalinsa sun rasa gidansu kuma an kama shi kuma ya bautar. An ɗauke shi tare da wasu bayi a yamma ta hanyar Masarautun Hausa, an gudanar da Eisami a Kano a cikin shekarun Khalifancin Sokoto da Katsina . Ya kasance shaida lokacin da Afonja ya yi tawaye a Oyo a kan Daular Oyo kuma an kafa Masarautar Ilorin.[3]
A cikin 1817 mai mallakar Yoruba na Eisami ya sayar da shi ga kasuwar bayi a bakin tekun don hana shi 'yanci daga Afonja, wanda ya fara' yanci bayi a wannan shekarar idan sun shiga rundunarsa (wannan shine sojojin da za su bautar Samuel Ajayi Crowther a lokacin da aka kama garin Crowther, Osogun, a cikin 1821). A cikin 1818 masu bautar Turai sun ɗauki Eisami don tafiya zuwa Sabon Duniya, amma jirgin bautar ya tsayar da Royal Navy na Burtaniya, wanda ya tilasta Blockade na Afirka don kawar da cinikin bayi na Atlantic. An 'yantar da fursunoni kuma an kai su Saliyo, mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya da aka kafa a ƙarshen karni na 18 a Yammacin Afirka don 'yanci bayi.
A Saliyo, a karkashin gwamnan Charles MacCarthy, dubban bayi da aka 'yantar sun zauna. "Sashen Negro da aka kama" ya aika da wasu a matsayin masu koyo ga mazauna Afirka-Amurka daga Arewacin Amurka, da kuma wasu ga 'yan Afirka da suka zauna a Saliyo. Sauran sun zauna a ƙauyuka da aka tsara musamman, waɗanda aka sanya musu suna don yankunan Ingilishi ko fitattun mutane kuma Turawa ne ke gudanar da su; da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suka kasance kuma ƙungiyar Church Missionary Society of Britain ce ke sarrafa su. Da farko gwamnati ta tallafa musu, ana sa ran sabbin 'yanci su zama masu cin gashin kansu. Yayin da suka shiga cikin sabuwar al'umma, sau da yawa sun ɗauki sunayen Turai. Eisami ya ɗauki sunan Ingilishi, William Harding, kamar yadda yawancin bayi da aka 'yantar da su suka yi bayan shi, kamar Samuel Ajayi Crowther da Joseph Wright. Ya zauna a Bathurst, ƙauyen da Church Missionary Society ke gudanarwa, kuma ya zama Kirista mai suna. (Ajayi Crowther ya zauna a nan shekaru hudu bayan haka kuma Sojojin Ruwa na Burtaniya sun sake shi.)
