Bazara
 | |
| Iri | maimaita aukuwa |
|---|---|
| Banbanci tsakani | 1 annum (mul)  |
| Has part(s) (en) | |
| northern hemisphere summer / southern hemisphere winter (en) southern hemisphere summer / northern hemisphere winter (en) | |
| Hashtag (mul) | #summer |
Lokacin bazara ko lokacin rani shine mafi zafi da haske daga cikin lokutan yanayi huɗu, wanda ke faruwa bayan bazara da kuma kafin kaka. A ko tsakiya a kan solstice na rani, sa'o'in hasken rana sune mafi tsawo kuma sa'o-in duhu sune mafi ƙanƙanta, tare da Tsawon rana yana raguwa yayin da lokacin ke ci gaba bayan solstice. Hasken rana na farko da faɗuwar rana na baya-bayan nan suna faruwa a kusa da ranar solstice. Ranar farkon lokacin rani ya bambanta bisa ga ma'anar, yanayi, al'ada, da al'adu. Lokacin da yake bazara a Arewacin Hemisphere, hunturu ne a Kudancin Hemispher, kuma akasin haka.
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lokacin rani na Turanci na zamani ya sumor asali ne daga Turanci na Tsakiya, ta hanyar Tsohon Turanci.[1]
Lokacin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙididdigar yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Taron meteorological ya bayyana lokacin rani kamar yadda ya ƙunshi watanni na Yuni, Yuli, da Agusta a arewacin arewa da watanni na Disamba, Janairu, da Fabrairu a kudancin kudu.[2] A karkashin ma'anar yanayin yanayi, duk lokutan an saita su ne don farawa a farkon wata na kalandar kuma su ƙare a ƙarshen wata.[3] Wannan ma'anar yanayin yanayi na lokacin rani ya dace da ra'ayin da aka saba gani na lokacin rani a matsayin lokacin da ya fi tsayi (kuma mafi zafi) kwanakin shekara, inda hasken rana ya fi yawa.
Ana amfani da ƙididdigar yanayi a ƙasashe da suka haɗa da Australia, New Zealand, Austria, Denmark, Rasha da Japan. Mutane da yawa a Ingila da Kanada suna amfani da shi. A Ireland, watanni na rani bisa ga sabis na yanayin ƙasa, Met Éireann, sune Yuni, Yuli da Agusta.
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Kwanaki suna ci gaba da tsawo daga equinox zuwa solstice kuma kwanakin bazara suna raguwa bayan solstice, don haka lokacin rani na yanayi ya ƙunshi haɓaka zuwa rana mafi tsawo da raguwa bayan haka, tare da lokacin rani yana da sa'o'i da yawa na hasken rana fiye da bazara. Yin lissafi da sa'o'i na hasken rana kadai, lokacin rani yana nuna tsakiyar, ba farkon, na lokutan ba. Tsakanin bazara yana faruwa a cikin mafi ƙanƙanta dare na shekara, wanda shine solstice na rani, ko a ranar da ke kusa da ita wacce ta bambanta da al'ada.
Wani canji na yanayi yana nufin cewa tsakiyar yanayin yanayi na kakar, wanda ya dogara da matsakaicin yanayin zafin jiki, yana faruwa makonni da yawa bayan lokacin mafi girman insolation.[4]
Lissafin al'adu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin Kalandar Julian da aka yi amfani da ita a Duniyar Romawa ta dā, lokacin rani ya fara ne a ranar 9 ga Mayu, tsakiya shine lokacin rani a ranar 24 ga Yuni, kuma lokacin rani ya ƙare a ranar 10 ga Agusta.
A al'ada, a yawancin Turai, lokacin rani ya fara ne da Ranar Mayu, kuma ana ganin lokacin da ke kusa da lokacin rani a matsayin tsakiyar bazara. A cikin Gaelic Ireland da Scotland, lokacin rani ya fara ne tare da bikin Bealtaine a ranar 1 ga Mayu kuma ya ƙare tare da Lughnasa a ranar 1 ta Agusta. Hakazalika, a Wales, lokacin rani ya fara ne da bikin <i id="mwgw">Cyntefin</i> ko <i id="mwhA">Calan Haf</i> (ma'ana "na farko na bazara") a ranar 1 ga Mayu.
Idan aka yi la'akari da bukukuwan al'adu, lokacin bazara a Amurka ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin farawa a karshen mako na ranar tunawa (mako na ƙarshe a watan Mayu) kuma ya ƙare a Ranar Aiki (Litinin farko a watan Satumba), mafi kusanci da ma'anar yanayin yanayi ga sassan ƙasar da ke da yanayi huɗu. Irin wannan al'adar Kanada tana farawa ne a lokacin rani a Ranar Victoria mako guda da ta gabata (ko da yake yanayin bazara ya bambanta sosai a duk faɗin yankin Kanada) kuma ya ƙare, kamar yadda yake a Amurka, a Ranar Aiki.
A wasu ƙasashe na Kudancin Hemisphere kamar Brazil, Argentina, Afirka ta Kudu, Australia da New Zealand, lokacin rani yana da alaƙa da Kirsimeti da bukukuwan Sabuwar Shekara. Iyalai da yawa suna ɗaukar hutu mai tsawo na makonni biyu ko uku ko fiye a lokacin rani.
A Ostiraliya da New Zealand, lokacin rani yana farawa a ranar 1 ga Disamba kuma yana ƙare a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu (29 ga Fabraira a cikin shekaru masu tsalle).
A cikin Ilimin taurari na kasar Sin, lokacin rani yana farawa a ranar 5 ga Mayu, tare da Jieqì (lokacin rana) da aka sani da lìxià (立夏), watau "kafa lokacin rani". Lokacin bazara ya ƙare a kusa da 7 ga watan Agusta, tare da kalmar hasken rana ta lìqiū (立秋, "kafa kaka").
Saboda yanayin zafin jiki ya fi guntu a cikin yanayin teku na kudancin, yawancin ƙasashe a wannan yankin suna amfani da ma'anar yanayin yanayi tare da lokacin rani wanda ya fara a ranar 1 ga Disamba kuma ya ƙare a ranar ƙarshe ta Fabrairu. [5][6]
Lissafin taurari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga ra'ayi na astronomical, equinoxes da solstices za su kasance tsakiyar lokutan da suka dace, amma wani lokacin ana bayyana lokacin rani na astronomical kamar yadda ya fara a solstice, sau da yawa ana gano shi da 21 Yuni ko 21 Disamba. Ta hanyar lissafin rana, lokacin rani a maimakon haka yana farawa a kusa da 5 ga Mayu, ya ƙare a kusa da 7 ga Agusta kuma lokacin rani shine Midsummer. Inda jinkirin yanayi na rabin kakar ko fiye ya zama ruwan dare, lissafin da ya danganci alamun taurari yana canzawa rabin kakar.[7] Ta wannan hanyar, a Arewacin Amurka, lokacin rani shine lokacin daga lokacin rani (yawanci 20 ko 21 Yuni a Arewacin Hemisphere) zuwa equinox na kaka.[8][9][10]
Yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Lokacin bazara yana da alaƙa da yanayin zafi ko zafi. A Yanayin yanayi na Bahar Rum, ana kuma danganta shi da yanayin bushe, yayin da a wasu wurare (musamman a Gabashin Asiya saboda ruwan sama) ana danganta shi ne yanayin ruwan sama. Lokacin rigar shine babban lokacin ci gaban ciyayi a cikin tsarin yanayi na savanna.[11] Inda lokacin rigar ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi a cikin iskõki masu yawa, an san shi da monsoon.[12]
A arewacin Tekun Atlantika, wani yanayi na guguwa na wurare masu zafi yana faruwa daga 1 ga Yuni zuwa 30 ga Nuwamba.[13] Matsakaicin kididdigar Lokacin guguwar Atlantic shine 10 ga Satumba. Arewa maso gabashin Tekun Pacific yana da lokaci mai zurfi na aiki, amma a cikin irin wannan lokacin zuwa Atlantic.[14] Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific yana ganin guguwa ta wurare masu zafi a duk shekara, tare da mafi ƙaranci a watan Fabrairu da Maris da kuma mafi girma a farkon Satumba. A cikin tafkin Arewacin Indiya, guguwa sun fi yawa daga Afrilu zuwa Disamba, tare da tsawo a watan Mayu da Nuwamba.[13] A Kudancin Kudancin, lokacin guguwa na wurare masu zafi yana gudana daga farkon Nuwamba har zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu tare da tsawo a tsakiyar Fabrairu zuwa farkon Maris. [13] [15]
Lokacin Guguwa a Amurka da Kanada yana gudana a cikin bazara har zuwa lokacin rani amma wani lokacin na iya gudana har zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba ko ma Nuwamba a cikin fall. Wadannan guguwa na iya haifar da ƙanƙara, iska mai ƙarfi da guguwa, yawanci a lokacin da rana da maraice.
Halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rashin makaranta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Makarantu da jami'o'i yawanci suna da hutun bazara don amfani da yanayin zafi da kwanaki masu tsawo. A kusan dukkanin ƙasashe, yara ba sa zuwa makaranta a wannan lokacin na shekara don hutun bazara, kodayake kwanakin sun bambanta. Iyalai da yawa za su dauki hutu na mako guda ko biyu a lokacin rani, musamman a kasashen Yammacin Kudancin tare da bukukuwan Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara.
A Amurka, makarantun jama'a yawanci suna ƙare a ƙarshen Mayu a ƙarshen mako na Ranar Tunawa, yayin da kwalejoji ke ƙare a farkon Mayu. Makarantu galibi suna ci gaba a tsakiyar watan Agusta. Lura cewa kwanakin farawa da ƙarshen makaranta sun bambanta sosai a duk faɗin Amurka. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][ana buƙatar hujja]
A Ingila da Wales, makarantar ta ƙare a tsakiyar Yuli kuma ta sake farawa a farkon Satumba. A Scotland, hutun bazara yana farawa a ƙarshen Yuni kuma yana ƙare a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Agusta. Hakazalika, a Kanada hutun bazara yana farawa a ranar Jumma'a ta ƙarshe ko ta biyu a watan Yuni kuma yana ƙare a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko a ranar Talata ta farko ta Satumba, ban da lokacin da wannan ranar ta fadi kafin Ranar Ma'aikata, a wannan yanayin, ya ƙare a ranar Talatas ta biyu ta watan. A Rasha, hutun bazara yana farawa a ƙarshen Mayu kuma ya ƙare a ranar 31 ga Agusta. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][ana buƙatar hujja]
A Kudancin Kudancin, kwanakin hutun bazara na makaranta sun haɗa da manyan bukukuwan Kirsimeti da Ranar Sabuwar Shekara. Hutun bazara na makaranta a Ostiraliya, New Zealand da Afirka ta Kudu suna farawa a farkon Disamba kuma suna ƙare a farkon Fabrairu, tare da kwanakin da suka bambanta tsakanin jihohi. A Afirka ta Kudu, sabuwar shekara ta makaranta yawanci tana farawa a cikin mako na biyu na Janairu, don haka daidaita Shekarar ilimi tare da shekara ta kalandar. A Indiya, makaranta ta ƙare a ƙarshen Afrilu kuma ta ci gaba a farkon ko tsakiyar Yuni. A Kamaru da Najeriya, makarantu yawanci suna fara hutun bazara a tsakiyar Yuli kuma suna ci gaba a cikin makonni na Satumba ko makon farko na Oktoba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][ana buƙatar hujja]
Hutun jama'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin bukukuwan jama'a suna faɗuwa a lokacin rani, gami da:
- Hemisphere na Arewa
- Hutun banki a Ƙasar Ingila da Ireland
- Ranar Bastille, Ranar Kasa ta Faransa (14 ga Yuli)
- Ranar Kasa ta Belgium (21 ga Yuli)
- Ranar Kanada (1 ga Yuli)
- Festa della Repubblica, ranar kasa Italiya da ranar jamhuriya (2 Yuni)
- Ranar Independence (Jordan) (25 ga Mayu)
- Ranar Independence (Pakistan) (14 ga Agusta)
- Ranar Independence (India) (15 ga Agusta)
- Ranar Independence (Indonesia) (17 ga Agusta)
- Ranar Independence (Malaysia) (31 ga Agusta)
- Ranar Independence (Amurka) (4 ga Yuli)
- Juneteenth (Amurka) (19 Yuni)
- Ranar Haihuwar Sarki (United Kingdom da wasu ƙasashen Commonwealth) (Asabar ta uku a watan Yuni)
- Ranar Tunawa (Amurka) ko Ranar Victoria (Kanada) ta hanyar Ranar Aiki
- Ranar Kasa ta Singapore (9 ga Agusta)
- Ranar Kasa ta Sweden (6 Yuni) da Tsakiyar bazara, wani lokacin ana kiranta "Ranar Kasa ta daban"
- Ólavsøka, Tsibirin Faroe (29 ga Yuli)
- Ranar Kasa ta Switzerland (1 ga Agusta)
- Ranar Nasara (Turkey) (30 ga Agusta)
- Kudancin Kudancin
- Ranar Ostiraliya (26 ga Janairu)
- Ranar Kirsimeti (25 Disamba) da Ranar Boxing (26 Disamba) a kasashe da yawa
- Ranar Sabuwar Shekara (1 ga Janairu) da rana mai zuwa (2 ga Janairu), a kasashe da yawa
- Ranar Waitangi (6 ga Fabrairu) A New Zealand
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mutane galibi suna ciyar da karin lokaci a waje a lokacin rani. Ayyuka irin su tafiya zuwa rairayin bakin teku da picnics suna faruwa a lokacin watanni na rani. Wasanni da suka hada da wasan kurket, kwallon kafa, tseren doki, Kwando, Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka, volleyball, skateboarding, baseball, softball, Tennis da golf ana buga su.
Wasanni na ruwa ma suna faruwa. Wadannan sun hada da tseren ruwa, wakeboarding, yin iyo, hawan igiyar ruwa, tubing da polo na ruwa. Ana gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na zamani a cikin watanni na rani a kowace shekara huɗu tun daga shekara ta 1896. An gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2000, a Sydney, a cikin bazara kuma an gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2016, a Rio de Janeiro, a cikin hunturu.
A Amurka, ana fitar da shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa da aka yi wa yara a lokacin rani, yayin da yara ba sa makaranta.
Tare da makarantu da yawa da aka rufe, musamman a kasashen Yamma, tafiye-tafiye da hutu suna da yawa a lokacin rani. Matasa da daliban jami'a galibi suna daukar Ayyukan bazara, kuma ayyukan kasuwanci don nishaɗi, yawon shakatawa, gidan cin abinci, da masana'antun siyarwa sun kai kololuwa.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Wasannin Olympics na bazara
- Yakin bazara
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Etymology of summer". etymonline.com. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ↑ "Professor Paul Hardaker answers questions on meteorological forecasting". Royal Geographical Society. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Meteorological Glossary". - ↑ Cecil Adams (1983-03-11). "Is it true summer in Ireland starts May 1?". The Straight Dope. Archived from the original on 30 August 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
- ↑ Williams, Jack (2005-02-22). "Answers: When do the seasons begin". Usatoday.Com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
- ↑ "Bureau of Meteorology". Bom.gov.au. 2011-03-11. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
- ↑ Driscol, D. M.; Rice, P. B.; Fong, J. M. Y. (1994). "Spatial variation of climatic aspects of temperature: Interdiurnal variability and lag". International Journal of Climatology. 14 (9): 1001. Bibcode:1994IJCli..14.1001D. doi:10.1002/joc.3370140905.
- ↑ "First day of summer worth celebrating". JSOnline. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
- ↑ "Father's Day is first day of summer". Fox11online.com. 2009-06-19. Archived from the original on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
- ↑ "Summer Solstice". Eric Weisstein's World of Astronomy. Scienceworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
- ↑ "Characteristics of tropical savannas". Charles Darwin University. 2009. Archived from the original on 17 February 2009. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
- ↑ "Monsoon". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. 2009. Archived from the original on 22 March 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
- 1 2 3 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season?". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 18 July 2006. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
- ↑ McAdie, Colin (10 May 2007). "Tropical Cyclone Climatology". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on 6 May 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2007.
- ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Southeastern Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Oceans" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. 10 March 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
