Takarda
 Takarda | |
|---|---|
material (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | manufactured product (en) |
| Amfani | substrate (en) , insulation (en) , mulch (en) , building material (en) , fasaha, product packaging (en) , Tsafta, banknote (en) , wallpaper (en) , writing surface (en) , painting support (en) da information storage medium (en) |
| Suna saboda | Papyrus |
| Kayan haɗi | wood fiber (en) , flax (en) , Rini da bleach (en) |
| Karatun ta | paper studies (en) |
| Mai ganowa ko mai ƙirƙira | Cai Lun (en) |
| Time of discovery or invention (en) | 141 "BCE" |
| Fabrication method (en) | papermaking (en) |
| Described at URL (en) | vnexpress.net… da sdcvietnam.com… |
| Hashtag (mul) | Paper da Papier |
| Has characteristic (en) | hygroscopy (en) , flammability (en) , compliance (en) , permeability (en) da look-through (en) |
| Tarihin maudu'i | history of paper (en) |
| International Classification for Standards (en) | 85.060 |
| Recycling code (en) | 22 |
| MCN code (en) | 4707.10.00 |
Tobarra wata karamar hukuma ce a lardin Albacete a Spain, tare da yawan jama'a kusan 8,000 a shekarar 2009.
Yankin ya shahara da “Moniquí” iri-iri na apricots, jerin gwanonsa (tamboradas) da kuma bukukuwansa na Makon Mai Tsarki, wanda gwamnati ta ayyana a matsayin sha'awar yawon bude ido ta kasa. Yana da wani mutum-mutumi na “Dolorosa” na Francisco Salzillo da wani mutum-mutumi na Yesu da ke ba da albarka a ranar Juma’a mai kyau a kan wani tudu da aka keɓe a Dutsen Calvary, a gaban ikilisiyar da ta kai kusan 30,000. Bayan an busa ƙaho, an rufe ganguna kuma ana busa jigon "Mektub", yayin da mutum-mutumi na Kristi ya nuna alamar albarka zuwa ga mahimman abubuwa huɗu. Sauran muhimman abubuwan da suka faru na bukukuwan Ista na Tobarran sune Descent daga Paso Gordo daga Hermitage na Incarnation a ranar Alhamis mai kyau, da kuma "Cierre del Tambor" (bikin rufewa) a tsakar dare a ranar Lahadi Lahadi.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ginin Tobarra tsoho ne: an sami kayan aiki da mashi a kan iyakokinta, kuma kwarin Santa Ana yana dauke da kaburbura na Iberian.
Asalin sunan Tobarra Larabci ne daga kalmar "Tabarrah". An zauna Tobarra kafin nasarar Romawa a yankin Iberian, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar cewa Via Romana wanda ya haɗa Complutum (Alcalá de Henares) da Carthago Nova (Cartagena) an karkatar da shi kilomita da yawa don wucewa ta Tobarra, sannan daga baya ya ci gaba da hanyarsa zuwa Illunum (Minateda).
A zamanin Visigoth an sassaƙa wani masallaci daga dutse, ɗan gajeren nesa daga tsakiyar gari na yanzu, kusa da dutsen da aka yi amfani da shi daga zamanin Roman har zuwa ƙarni na 17.
A zamanin musulmi an gina gidan sarauta da masallaci (yanzu ya tafi), da kuma cibiyar ban ruwa mai yawa. Wasu daga cikin rijiyoyin asali daga zamanin Andalusian har yanzu suna ci gaba da samar da ruwa ga wani yanki wanda ya kasance, shekaru da yawa, mafi mahimmancin gonar Albacete.
A cikin 1243 yankin Alcaraz ya sake mamayewa ta "Infante Alfonso" (Alfonso X na Castile na gaba), kodayake nan da nan ya sake samun 'yancin kansa.
Ferdinand IV na Castile ya ba birnin ikon mallakar da sarakuna da manyan sarakuna na Tobarra za su tabbatar har zuwa zamanin Sarakunan Katolika.
A cikin shekara ta 1324 wani balaguro na Nasri Moors ya lalata Tobarra kuma ya ɗauki wani ɓangare na yawan bayi zuwa Granada, wanda a wannan lokacin ya riga ya fada ƙarƙashin tasirin Señorío de Villena mai iko, wanda nan da nan zai zama Marquess. A shekara ta 1476 an haɗa shi da kambin Mutanen Espanya.
A ranar Lahadi ta Easter 1766, Tobarra ya zama wuri na biyu a Spain, bayan Madrid, don tashi daga karancin abinci, a cikin Rikicin Esquilache . (Hakika, Marquis na Esquilache ya kwanta a Tobarra daren da ya gabata kafin gudun hijira).
A cikin 1812 sojojin Faransa a karkashin Janar Soult sun ƙone garin a lokacin da suka janye daga Murcia. Dole ne Tobarra ya sake farawa daga sifili.
A cikin karni na 20, lalacewar da ta faru a Yaƙin basasar Spain ta kawar da yawancin al'adun al'adu na gida, ban da shugaban hoton "Ecce Homo" da kuma siffar "Virgen de los Dolores" ta Francisco Salzillo.
A kusa da 1950, Tobarra ta kai yawan jama'arta kusan 14,000. Tun daga wannan lokacin, manufofin desarrollista (ci gaba) na gwamnatin Franco sun juya ci gaba zuwa gabas, zuwa manyan biranen larduna, suna barin Tobarra don ƙirƙirar Ci gaban tattalin arziki.
Daga cikin wuraren da yake sha'awa, yankin ya haɗa da:
- gidan kayan gargajiya na Drum da mako mai tsarki (Museo del Tambor y Semana Santa), wanda ke cikin karni na 17 na Hermitage na Budurwa (Ermita de la Purísima)
- abin tunawa ga Drum: "La Evolución" ta hanyar mai zane-zane na gida Jesús D. Jiménez Ramírez (hoton dama)
- cocin Our Lady of the Ascension Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, wanda aka gina tsakanin 1546 da 1616
- masallacin Kristi na Dā da Budurwa na Incarnation, Santuario del Cristo de la Antigua y Virgen de la Encarnación, wanda aka gane shi a matsayin abin tunawa na tarihi da fasaha tun daga 1981, tare da rufin da aka yi da shi, ɗakin gyare-gyare tare da zane-zane na ƙarni na 18 da aka keɓe ga Budurwa, da sauran kayan ado na rococo a ƙarƙashin rufin inda Kristi na Dattijai yake.
Kusa da Wuri Mai Tsarki akwai rushewar sansanin musulmi, daga inda mutum zai iya ganin hasumiyar da aka sani da Ojos del Diablo (Idanun Iblis).
Sauran abubuwan da aka gani sun haɗa da Town Clock, Convent of the Franciscan Order of Saint Joseph (a halin yanzu ana dawo da shi), masallacin dutse na Hispano-Visigoth na Alborajico, tafkin Alboraj, Saladars na Cordovilla da hasumiyar El Castellar a Sierra.
