
Shohei at Columbia SIPA on security policy ã倧åŠé¢çåŠã¯ãªãã³ãžãããã
Today, I interviewed Shohei who also studied at Columbia SIPA, but in the Master of International Affairs degree program. Throughout this dialogue, I also came to know what challenges he faced and resolution he had in mind during his study in NYC, despite his communicative nature and excellent English. This episode is more insightful than ever in this time of turbulence around the world.
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1. 枡米ãŸã§ã倧åŠé¢çåŠã¯ãªãã³ãžãããã
(Hiro) ãŸãåãã«ãçåŠææãšçåŠå
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(Shohei) 2016.8-2018.5ãŸã§ãç±³åœã³ãã³ãã¢å€§åŠSIPAïŒSchool of International and Public AffairsïŒã®ãMIAïŒMaster of International AffairsïŒããã°ã©ã ã«çåŠããŠããŸãããã¡ããã©Hiroãããšåãææã§ãããã
(Hiro) Could you first share when and where you studied abroad again?
(Shohei) I earned a Master of International Affairs (MIA) at SIPAïŒSchool of International and Public AffairsïŒ- from August 2016 to May 2018. That coincides with when you were at SIPA.
(Hiro) Shoheiããã¯SIPAã«çåŠããŠããæ¥æ¬äººã®äžã§ãè±èªåãé«ããŠåœæç§ã«ãšã£ãŠå€§å€åºæ¿ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããçåŠãèãããã£ããã¯äœããã£ãã®ã§ããããïŒ
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(Hiro) I was much inspired by you, for you spoke English most fluently among the Japanese who were at SIPA. What brought you there?
(Shohei) Indeed, I had once studied at a college in NY state. And a couple of years later, my boss told me that I was selected to study abroad again. I decided to take this chance to study national security from a broader perspective through the lens of practice and academia. Also I just wanted to see and understand what I had done as a practitioner in the field of national security. But to be honest, I had another motivation. What drove me most was a bitter memory from my first study abroad. My TOEFL score back then was around 600, so I had a hard time catching up in class as well as in making friends. I even remember myself crying on the riverside at college seeing no sign that my English would be improved anytime soon. - I can confess it only now. This feeling made me think of this study at SIPA as "a revenge match."
(Hiro) ããã ã£ããã§ããïŒShoheiãããå·èŸºã§æ³£ããŠãããšããã¯ãšãŠãæ³åãã€ããŸããããããããçµéšããããŠããã®ãã®SIPAã§ã®æŽ»èºã ã£ããã§ãããããã§ã¯ãåºé¡å
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(Shohei) æºåãéå§ããã®ã¯ïŒå¹Žåã®ïŒæãããªã®ã§ãå®éã¯å幎éçšåºŠã§ãããTOEFLã®ã¹ã³ã¢ã¢ããã®ããã«AGOSã«éããŸããããåŸã¯åºæ¬ç¬åŠã§ããããäžçªèŠåŽããã®ã¯ãã¯ãSpeakingã§ããŠãè«çç«ãŠãŠæã£ãŠããããšã話ãã®ãé£ããã£ãã§ããçºé³ãšãç¬ç¹ã®Flowããã£ãŠãæ¹åããã®ãé£ããã£ãã諊ãã§ã¯ãªãã§ãããReadingãšListeningãã»ãŒæºç¹ãšããããªããšèŠæãæ±ºããŠããŸãããå幎éã§ïŒåçšåºŠåããŠ100ç¹ãåã£ãã®ã§ããããã®æãR30L29ãšãã£ãç¹æ°é
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(Hiro) Really! I couldn't imagine you crying near the river. But now I'm convinced that this experience made you resilient. Were there any struggles in the application process?
(Shohei) I started preparing for application in August 2015. I studied for half a year almost by myself except for going to AGOS to raise my TOEFL score. I, just like others, had a difficulty in speaking - putting what I'm thinking into speech in a logical order was challenging. It was hard to improve my pronunciation as well as flow of words. I did not mean to give up on my speaking, but I rather aimed at getting a full score in reading and listening sections. I got 100 on my seventh trial when I scored 30 in reading and 29 in listening.
(Hiro) æçµçã«ãColumbia SIPAã«ããæ±ºãæã¯äœã ã£ããã§ããããïŒ
(Shohei) åºé¡ããã®ã¯ãColumbia, Stanford, Georgetown, George Washignton, American, UC Sandiego, Pittsburgã®ïŒæ ¡ã§ãããæçµçã«ã¯Georgetownãšããªãæ©ã¿ãŸãããããã¯ããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«ãããšããç¹ã倧ããªæ±ºãæã«ãªããŸãããããŸã 26æ³ã ã£ãèªåãçåŠããããšãèããæã«ããããªã«ã¬ãããªèªåã®å°éåéã«æµžããããããæ§ã
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(Hiro) Why did you decide on Columbia SIPA?
(Shohei) I applied to Columbia, Stanford, Georgetown, George Washignton, American, UC Sandiego, Pittsburg - seven schools in total. I lingered on between SIPA and Georgetown, but the location of New York was crucial to me. I thought that I, as a twenty-six year old guy at that time, could broaden my perspectives by experiencing a variety of things, including culture and arts, in the place of NY where people from all over the world gather, rather than by indulging myself in study.
2. SIPAã§ã®æ¥ã ãå®å šä¿éÃãã¯ãããžãŒãã€ã³ããªãžã§ã³ã¹ããéœåžéçºãŸã§ã
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(Shohei) ç§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯MIAã§ããHiroããã®éã£ãŠããã®ã¯MPAã§ããããSIPAã§ã¯ConcentrationãšSpecializationãããããéžæããã®ã§ãããç§ã®å Žåã¯Concentration ã¯ISP (International Security Policy)ãSpecialization ã¯Regional ã§Language and Foreign (East Asia)ãéžæããŸããã
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(Hiro) That makes a lot of sense. Then, could you elaborate on your program and courses?
(Shohei) My program was MIA, as compared to MPA that you were in. We are supposed to choose our Concentration and Specialization, and I took ISP (International Security Policy) as concentration, and Regional with a focus on Language and Foreign (East Asia) as specialization. Core courses such as micro, macro, stat, accounting, management are almost the same as MPA. One core unique to MIA is War Peace Strategy, in which we learned the condition under which a war likely occurs, when peace is more attainable and sustainable, and which war is justified and which is not. One concept that you might have heard of is Balance of Power, which means a war is likely to occur when a country tries to deviate from balance of power.
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(Hiro) Very interesting - this invasion of Ukraine might be seen through the lens of balance of power between NATO and Russia. What other courses did you take?
(Shohei) From the second term on, courses were mainly electives. Particularly intriguing was the one on technology and national security, in which we discussed the role private companies play in national security. A typical example is that the info that mega firms such as GAFAM is becoming more and more important. This means that not only governments but also private companies who have personal information, and because they have such info as location and preference, they could have an important influence on national security, such as shown by the exmaple of Cambridge Analytica influencing voting behaviors of U.S. citizens during the 2016 presidential election. It brought home to me, who mainly had focused on the role of government before then, the huge impact of private companies who have a bunch of information.
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(Hiro) I'm learning a lot from you now, for our experiences at SIPA are so different! What other courses did you take?
(Shohei) A course on intelligence institutions in Western countries and their failure. In Japan, , Public Security Intelligence Agency and Defence Intelligence Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence are considered to be such institutions. In this course we learned at the time of 9.11, there was not sufficient information sharing due to the silo problem. To the best of my memory, one institution was said to have grasped Osama bin Laden's intention of terror attack in advance, but because CIA and FBI were the major source of information, the information from such a non-major organization was never reported to the then-president. In other words, there was a presage of terror attack, but this information was not delivered to the place that needed it. Building on this lesson, the U.S. newly establed the Director of Intelligence, who is in charge of collecting information from CIA, FBI and other institutions.
(Hiro) Once I wrote about the issue re: info sharing, but here I see some similarities.
(Shohei) Exactly. Another example is a cipher code used by Japan during World War 2. When the Japanese military sent a telegram, they used a cipher code such as "PS" or "CA." Although U.S. military intercepted the telecommunications, they could not understand what these codes meant. So what the U.S. side did was intentionally spreading info that there was a fire at Midway, and by intercepting the Japanese cipher code that mentioned "PS," they came to know that PS actually meant Midway.
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(Hiro) I imagine it's hard to learn these kinds of things in Japan. Please share other courses that impressed you, if any!
(Shohei) Certainly the Capstone Project, which is one of the requirements at SIPA. Our client was the U.S. Army, and our research topic was so-called mege city warfare. It focused on Mega-cities, the cities in developing countries where the population is rapidly increasing (e.g., Nigeria in Africa) , and due to poor governance structure, could be unstable and insecure. Therefore, we analyzed how ongoing urban development might impact battlefields. Specifically, we first examined the background of people gathering there, the climate, and geography. Another thing is the impact of technology. Developing countries are starting to adopt smart cities, so there is a possibility that such data as the flow of people could be caught by computer and used for understanding the current situation of battle.
The most inspiring part was that we conducted interviews with people who had served in the military and who were specializing in urban development, drafted a report, and made a presentation in front of the clients. Six students in my group were two having served in uniform, two interested in tech, and the remaining two interested in national security. This multi-national and interdisciplinary composition made it possible to tackle the same issue from different perspectives. I reflect on this experience as something different from the one we have back in Japan, where learning the "right" process is considered to be the norm.
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(Hiro) What did you do outside of class?
(Shohei) I worked as an intern at a think tank focused on military affairs in NY. I took part in research where we tried to find the benefit of using VR for better training. What we did was having one group use a map, and the other use VR when conducting a rehearsal of battle at a specific area, and then analyzing which group was performing better. As a result, VR made it easier to see terrains and barriers there - more vividly.
Another internship that I did during my time at NYC was at the United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs. I was involved in three missions, one of which was to make a report on to what extent countries have missile technologies to shoot down satellites orbiting around the earth, for it's a grave concern in terms of national security. Surprisingly, there was a bunch of information on the internet, and for example, I found that the U.S. was using an anti-satellitle missle, but its capability is just a little better than that of Japan. The second mission was to translate the speech of Antonio Guterres into Japanese. It was a great practice for me since there were a lot of jargons and the speech cannot be easily understood by direct translation only. The third one was preparing for the visit of Japanese students to Izumi Nakamitsu, Under-Secretary-General of the Disarmament Bureau. The interaction with a Japanese at the forefront of international security provided me with the opportunity to rethink about my career.

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(Hiro) Any challenges that you faced inside and outside of class?
(Shohei) English - which I've been constantly struggling with. Certainly my speaking ability was not comparable to that of my classmates, which sometimes made me hesitate to speak up. What drove me then? I would say it's a kind of pride in myself that I'm here as a representative of Japan. In whatever position I was, if I as a representative hesitate and do nothing here, then it's almost a betrayal to those who sent me overseas. Additionally, because I saw this experience as my revenge match, I kept asking myself if I want to be a loser again. But of course, there are things that cannot be solved solely by courage, so I made it a rule to speak up in class at least once or so, which put some pressure on myself.
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(Hiro) Did you acquire or discover your new strengths?
(Shohei) I think that having courage in a difficult time and logical thinking became my strengths. I could add value to the school community by sharing my opinions based on my job experience on the ground. I also learned that being critical or bringing constructive criticism at the discussion table is actually good although I did still understand the value of keeping harmony in a team. If we are to improve our output, criticism is not necessarily bad, and is rather necessary to complement. It was a big thing for me to learn.
Last but not least, I thought my job back then was the only job for me before SIPA, but this thinking has gradually changed. I began to think that delivering water and education to areas in conflict are as respectable as mine. Also I realized that in NY, my then-working style of going to work from early morning to late night is not normal. During my internship (six months in total), I saw my colleagues with their children three to four times.
5. çãããžã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãæ°ããèªåãæ¢ãã«ãè¿·ããæãéããŠã
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(Shohei) ãè¿·ããè¡ãããšèšãããã§ãããæ¯ãè¿ã£ãŠã¿ããšæåããç¬éã¯å°ãªããã倱æããããšãå€ãããã©ããŸããããããã«ãªã£ãŠé 匵ãããšæããŸãã倱æãæ°ããªã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ãã«ãªã£ãŠããããããŸã人éãšããŠæé·ã§ããã®ã§ãå°é£ã«ç«ã¡åãã£ãŠããã¹ãã ãšæããŸããæåããŠã倱æããŠãèªåã®ç³§ã«ãªãããšããããšã§ããã
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(Hiro) Please leave your final message to those who hesitate to or just start to consider study abroad!
(Shohei) "Don't hesitate and just take a step!" When I reflect on this experience, moments of success are not so often; rather, it's a repetition of mistakes. However, any mistake will make you more resilient. It will push you a bit more, and you can grow as a person. So please do not be afraid of mistakes. Just embrace challenges. They will be part of you in the future no matter if you succeed or not.
Another thing is that what you take for granted in Japan is not here. I could take a step back and see these things more objectively. Objectively looking at ourselves and things around us will be indispensable in this world, where you communicate with people from different backgrounds and with different values, and create new things. Let's open the door in front of you - study abroad - in order to find your new self!
