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ãJapanese Foreign Exchange Interventions, 1971-2018: Estimating a Reaction Function Using the Best Proxyã
Takatoshi Ito(a), Tomoyoshi Yabu(b)
(a) School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, and GRIPS, Tokyo
(b) Department of Business and Commerce, Keio University
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çµæžç ç©¶ãVol.54 No.2 Apr. 2003
ãEffects of the Bank of Japanâs intervention on yen/dollar exchange rate volatilityã21 November 2004
Toshiaki Watanabe (a), Kimie Harada(b)
ãThe Effects of Japanese Foreign Exchange Intervention: GARCH Estimation and Change Point Detectionã
Eric Hillebrand Gunther Schnabl Discussion
Paper No.6 October 2003
Japanese Foreign Exchange Interventions, 1971-2018: Estimating a Reaction Function Using the Best Proxy
December 12, 2019
Takatoshi Ito(a), Tomoyoshi Yabu(b)
(a) School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, and GRIPS, Tokyo
(b) Department of Business and Commerce, Keio University
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2. Literature
In July 2001, the Japanese Ministry of Finance released daily intervention records from April 1991 to the present. Since then, the Ministry of Finance has updated these records every quarter. The new data has stimulated academic research on Japanese intervention.
One group of studies examined the effectiveness of intervention, i.e., whether intervention impacted exchange rate movements.
This includes Ito (2003), Kearns and Rigobon (2005), Fatum and Hutchison (2006), Hoshikawa (2008), Chen et al. (2012), and Fatum and Yamamoto (2014).
Estimates vary across studies as to the estimated effect that onetrillion yen-selling interventions have had on the yen/dollar rate, ranging from 0.4 to 1.8 percent depreciation of the yen.
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Another group of papers, including Ito (2003), Frenkel, Pierdzioch, and Stadtmann (2003, 2005), and Ito and Yabu (2007), examined the reaction function, i.e., under what financial conditions monetary authorities are more likely to intervene.
Ito (2003) and Ito and Yabu (2007) identified factors that seem to trigger interventions: the deviation in the yen/dollar rate from long-run trends and recent movements of the yen/dollar rate. Moreover, the person or people in charge of interventions seem to influence the frequency and magnitude of interventions.
For example, since June 1995, when Eisuke Sakakibara became Director General of the International Finance Bureau, the frequency of interventions lowered substantially but, when they occurred, the daily intervention amount increased significantly.
The frequency and daily amount of intervention also had a distinctive pattern; for example, there were more frequent interventions during the 2003- 04 period when Zenbei Mizoguchi was in charge of intervention.
 However, given that intervention data before April 1991 has not been disclosed, we have to use a proxy to estimate past intervention data if, for example, we wish to examine and analyze interventions during the 1970s and 1980s.
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In the literature several proxies have been proposed and adopted. These proxies can be obtained on a monthly basis.
The most popular proxy is changes in the foreign reserves, namely, âTotal Reserves excluding Gold,â also known as âChange in Reserveâ for short.
In an earlier study of intervention, this proxy was used by Dornbusch (1980), Takagi (1991) and others.
Dornbusch (1980) and Takagi (1991) found that the Japanese monetary authorities followed a lean-against-thewind policy during the 1970s.
This is also a popular proxy when an international cross-country comparison is attempted, as the statistics are readily available. For example, Dominguez et al. (2012), in their large cross-country study, used âChange in Reserve,â but adjusted for interest income receipts.
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