Pinnacle Point
Pinnacle Point ke tlhogo e nnye e e kwa borwa jwa Mossel Bay, e leng toropo e e mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa jwa Aforika Borwa. Dipatlisiso go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2000 tsa motseletsele wa magaga kwa Pinnacle Point, tse di lemogilweng la ntlha le go kwalwa ka 1997 ke baithutamarope ba seporofešenale ba Aforika Borwa, Jonathan Kaplan le Peter Nilssen, di senotse go nna ga batho ba Motlha wa Matlapa wa Bogare magareng ga dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a supa le dikete tse masome mane tse di fetileng. Tsepamisomogopolo ya dipatlisiso e nnile kwa Logageng lwa 13B (PP13B), kwa bosupi jwa ntlha jo bo sa tlhamalalang jwa tiriso e e rulagantsweng ya ditsompelo tsa lewatle (shellfish) le boitshwaro jwa tshwantshetso bo kwadilweng,[1] le kwa Pinnacle Point Cave 5–6 (PP5–6), kwa bosupi jwa go fisa letlapa go dira didirisiwa tsa letlapa bo bonweng.[2] Masalela a motho fela a a bonweng a ne a tswa mo dipeeletsong tse dinnye kwa PP13B tse e leng c. Dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo.[3]
Ka 2024, Lefelo la Pinnacle Point le ne la nna karolo ya Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe la Mafelo a go nniwa ga Pleistocene a Aforika Borwa.[4]
Ditso tsa patlisiso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Morago ga temogo ya ntlha le go kwalwa ga mafelo ke Kaplan le Nilssen ka 1997, Nilssen go tswa kwa Motlobong wa Aforika Borwa wa Iziko o ne a itsise Curtis Marean mafelo ka 1999 morago ga moo ba ne ba kaela mmogo go epa dingwaga di le mmalwa. Diphitlhelelo kwa Pinnacle Point di dirilwe ke setlhopha sa boditšhabatšhaba, se se eteletsweng pele ke moithuta-dilo tsa bogologolo Curtis Marean go tswa kwa Setheong sa Tshimologo ya Batho sa Yunibesithi ya Arizona State mmogo le babatlisisi go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa (UCT le Motlobo wa Ditso wa Aforika Borwa wa Iziko), Australia (Lenaneo la Thutamarope, Yunibesithi ya La Trobe, UoW), Iseraele, le Fora.
Morago ga go ngangisana ka masomesome a dingwaga, baithuta-batho ba bogologolo jaanong ba dumalana gore go na le bosupi jo bo lekaneng jwa lesika le masalela a dilo tse di epolotsweng go akantsha gore Homo sapiens e tlhageletse mo Aforika c. 200 000 – c. Dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a marataro tse di fetileng. Ka nako eo, lefatshe le ne le le mo motlheng wa go gatsela, mme Aforika e ne e omile e bile e kwakwaletse. Ka gonne mafelo a boepi jwa dilo tsa bogologolo a a simolotseng ka nako eo a sa bonwe thata mo Aforika, moithuta-dilo tsa bogologolo e bong Curtis Marean o ne a sekaseka dipopego tsa lefatshe, makhubu a lewatle le tshedimosetso ya seemo sa loapi go supa ka nepo ya mafelo a a ka tswang a ne a le teng; nngwe ya tsone e ne e le Pinnacle Point.
Pinnacle Point 13B le ditlamorago tsa yone mo boitshwarong jwa segompieno
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Kwa PP13B, bosupi jwa boitshwaro jwa tshwantshetso bo tla ka sebopego sa ochre e e gogilweng le e e sitsweng (e gantsi e bidiwang dipoere tse di rwalang limonite) tse di ka tswang di dirisitswe go bopa mmala wa go penta mmele. Se se tshwana le tiriso e e raraaneng ya ochre e e itsiweng go tswa kwa Logageng lwa Blombos go le kgakalanyana go ya kwa bophirima dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a supa tse di fetileng.[5] Diphitlhelelo tse di ganetsana le kgopolo ya bogologolo ya gore maitsholo a segompieno a tlhagile fela dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mane tse di fetileng mme a fitlhelelwa ka "tlola e kgolo ya setso".[1] Seemo sa loapi se se makgwakgwa le go fokotsega ga dijo e ka tswa e le lone lebaka la go bo batho ba ne ba fudugela kwa lotshitshing lwa lewatle kwa Pinnacle Point, kwa ba neng ba ka ja ditshedi tsa lewatle jaaka shellfish, whale, le seal.[6]
Gape kwa PP13B go na le palo e e sa tlwaelesegang ya di-phytolith tsa matlhare a setlhare sa dicotyledonous mo di-sediment tse di ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a ferabongwe. Le fa phetolo ya di-phytolith e tlisa go sa tlhomamang ga diphitlhelelo tse, bontsi jwa di-phytolith tsa ditlhare fa bo bapisiwa le di-phytolith tsa bojang bo akanyediwa go supa ditso tsa go fisiwa ga dikgong mo dibesong.[7]
Lefelo la ngwaoboswa la kgaolo
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Ka Sedimonthole a le malatsi a lesome le bone ka 2012, bothati jwa ditsompelo tsa boswa jwa kgaolo jwa Heritage Western Cape bo itsisitse Pinnacle Point jaaka lefelo la boswa la kgaolo go ya ka Karolo 27 ya Molao wa Ditsompelo tsa Bosetšhaba tsa Boswa.[8] Seno se tlamela lefelo ka mofuta o o kwa godimo wa tshireletso ka fa tlase ga molao wa boswa jwa Aforika Borwa.
Ka 2015, puso ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya romela kakanyetso ya go tsenya logaga mo lenaaneng la Mafelo a Ngwao ya Lefatshe mme e beilwe mo lenaaneng la UNESCO la mafelo a nakwana jaaka ‘tlhopho ya tatelano’ e e ka nnang teng mo isagong mmogo le Logaga lwa Blombos, Logaga lwa Sibudu, Logaga lwa Noka ya Klasies, Border Cave, le Diepkloof Rock Shelter.[9] Mafelo a mararo a ne a bona Maemo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe ka 2024.[10]
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- 1 2 Marean, Curtis W.; Bar-Matthews, Miryam; Bernatchez, Jocelyn; Fisher, Erich; Goldberg, Paul; Herries, Andy I.R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Jerardino, Antonieta; Karkanas, Panagiotis; Minichillo, Tom; Nilssen, Peter J.; Thompson, Erin; Watts, Ian; Williams, Hope M. (18 October 2007), "Early Human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene", Nature, 449 (7164): 905–908, Bibcode:2007Natur.449..905M, doi:10.1038/nature06204, PMID 17943129, S2CID 4387442, archived from the original on 20 August 2016, retrieved Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bobedi, 2026.
- ↑ Brown, Kyle S.; Marean, Curtis W.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Tribolo, Chantal; Braun, David; Roberts, David L.; Meyer, Michael C.; Bernatchez, J. (14 August 2009), "Fire as an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans", Science, 325 (5942): 859–862, Bibcode:2009Sci...325..859B, doi:10.1126/science.1175028, hdl:11422/11102, PMID 19679810, S2CID 43916405
- ↑ Marean, Curtis W.; Nilssen, Peter J.; Brown, Kyle S.; Jerardino, Antonieta; Stynder, Deano (2 May 2004), "Paleoanthropological investigations of Middle Stone Age sites at Pinnacle Point, Mossel Bay (South Africa): Archaeology and hominid remains from the 2000 Field Season." (PDF), PaleoAnthropology, 1: 14–83, retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026
- ↑ "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.
- ↑ Henshilwood, C.S.; d'Errico, F.; Yates, R.; Jacobs, Z.; Tribolo, C.; Duller, G.A.T.; Mercier, N.; Sealy, J.C.; Valladas, H.; Watts, I.; Wintle, A.G. (15 February 2002), "Emergence of modern human behavior : Middle Stone Age engravings from South Africa", Science, 295 (5558): 1278–1280, Bibcode:2002Sci...295.1278H, doi:10.1126/science.1067575, PMID 11786608, S2CID 31169551
- ↑ Marean, Curtis W. (September–October 2010), "Pinnacle Point Cave 13B (Western Cape Province, South Africa) in context: The Cape Floral kingdom, shellfish, and modern human origins", Journal of Human Evolution, 59 (3–4): 425–443, Bibcode:2010JHumE..59..425M, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.011, PMID 20934095, retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.
- ↑ Albert, Rosa (12 June 2012). "The Exploitation of Plant Resources by Early Homo sapiens: The Phytolith Record from Pinnacle Point 13B Cave, South Africa". Geoarchaeology. 27 (4): 363–384. Bibcode:2012Gearc..27..363A. doi:10.1002/gea.21413. S2CID 129222853 – via Wiley Online Library.
- ↑ "Provincial Notice 70/2012", Province of the Western Cape Provincial Gazette (7075), Cape Town: 2672, 14 December 2012
- ↑ "The Emergence of Modern Humans: The Pleistocene occupation sites of South Africa". UNESCO. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.
- ↑ "The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, 2026.
