The CBSE Class 12 syllabus covers all subjects, chapters, and topics students need to prepare for their Class 12 board examinations.
Mathematics
| Order | Chapter | Why here | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ch 1: Relations and Functions | Foundation for everything else | 8 (Unit I) |
| 2 | Ch 2: Inverse Trigonometric Functions | Needs functions, domain and range | |
| 3 | Ch 3: Matrices | Starts algebra | 10 (Unit II) |
| 4 | Ch 4: Determinants | Builds directly on matrices | |
| 5 | Ch 5: Continuity and Differentiability | Needs functions and inverse trig | 35 (Unit III) |
| 6 | Ch 6: Applications of Derivatives | Applies differentiation | |
| 7 | Ch 7: Integrals | Reverse of differentiation, so learn it after | |
| 8 | Ch 8: Application of Integrals | Applies integration to areas | |
| 9 | Ch 9: Differential Equations | Needs integration | |
| 10 | Ch 10: Vectors | Starts vector geometry | 14 (Unit IV) |
| 11 | Ch 11: Three-dimensional Geometry | Uses vector operations | |
| 12 | Ch 12: Linear Programming Problem | Uses inequalities and graphing | 5 (Unit V) |
| 13 | Ch 13: Probability | Fairly independent, can be placed anywhere | 8 (Unit VI) |
Learn in Detail:
Physics
| Order | Chapter | Why here | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ch 1: Electric Charges and Fields | Base for all of electromagnetism | 16 (Units I–II) |
| 2 | Ch 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance | Builds on fields and Gauss’s law | |
| 3 | Ch 3: Current Electricity | Uses potential and charge concepts | |
| 4 | Ch 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism | Needs current and the idea of fields | 17 (Units III–IV) |
| 5 | Ch 5: Magnetism and Matter | Extends magnetic fields to materials | |
| 6 | Ch 6: Electromagnetic Induction | Combines electricity and magnetism | |
| 7 | Ch 7: Alternating Current | Applies induction | |
| 8 | Ch 8: Electromagnetic Waves | Follows from induction and displacement current | 18 (Units V–VI) |
| 9 | Ch 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments | Starts optics with the simpler model of light | |
| 10 | Ch 10: Wave Optics | Needs ray optics and the wave nature of light | |
| 11 | Ch 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Introduces quantum ideas | 12 (Units VII–VIII) |
| 12 | Ch 12: Atoms | Builds on the quantum ideas | |
| 13 | Ch 13: Nuclei | Extends from atoms to the nucleus | |
| 14 | Ch 14: Semiconductor Electronics | Short and fairly independent, so a good chapter to finish with | 7 |
Chemistry
| Order | Unit | Why here | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Unit 1: Solutions | Starts physical chemistry, uses mole concept from Class 11 | 7 |
| 2 | Unit 2: Electrochemistry | Needs redox from Class 11 and solution concentration | 9 |
| 3 | Unit 3: Chemical Kinetics | Finishes physical chemistry | 7 |
| 4 | Unit 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | Starts organic, introduces reaction mechanisms | 6 |
| 5 | Unit 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | Builds on haloalkane reactions | 6 |
| 6 | Unit 8: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | Uses alcohol oxidation and reactions | 8 |
| 7 | Unit 9: Amines | Uses reactions from earlier organic units | 6 |
| 8 | Unit 10: Biomolecules | Mostly descriptive, builds on carbonyl and amine knowledge | 7 |
| 9 | Unit 4: d and f Block Elements | Starts inorganic, needs periodic trends from Class 11 | 7 |
| 10 | Unit 5: Coordination Compounds | Needs transition metal knowledge from the d-block | 7 |
Biology
| Order | Unit and chapter | Why here | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reproduction in Organisms | Gives the basics of reproduction | 16 (Reproduction) |
| 2 | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants | Applies those basics to plants | |
| 3 | Human Reproduction | Builds on Class 11 human physiology | |
| 4 | Reproductive Health | Needs the human reproduction chapter | |
| 5 | Principles of Inheritance and Variation | Starts genetics | 20 (Genetics and Evolution) |
| 6 | Needs Mendelian genetics first | ||
| 7 | Evolution | Draws on genetics, Hardy-Weinberg and more | |
| 8 | Human Health and Disease | Applied biology, builds on cell and immune ideas | 12 (Biology and Human Welfare) |
| 9 | Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production | Uses genetics concepts | |
| 10 | Microbes in Human Welfare | Lighter chapter that finishes the unit | |
| 11 | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes | Needs molecular biology from Chapter 6 | 12 (Biotechnology) |
| 12 | Biotechnology and Its Applications | Applies the principles | |
| 13 | Organisms and Populations | Starts ecology | 10 (Ecology) |
| 14 | Ecosystem | Builds on populations | |
| 15 | Biodiversity and Conservation | Follows from ecosystems | |
| 16 | Environmental Issues | Wraps up ecology |
Computer Science
| Order | Topic | Why here | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Revision of Class 11 Python | Everything else needs it | 40 (Unit I) |
| 2 | Functions | Base for the rest of the programming unit | |
| 3 | Exception Handling | Needed before file work | |
| 4 | File Handling (text, binary/pickle, CSV) | Uses functions and exceptions | |
| 5 | Data Structures: Stack | Applies lists and functions | |
| 6 | Database Concepts (relational model, keys) | Starts the database unit | 20 (Unit III) |
| 7 | SQL (DDL, DML, operators, aggregate functions) | Needs database concepts | |
| 8 | Python-SQL Connectivity | Combines Python and SQL, so it comes last in this block | |
| 9 | Computer Networks (types, topologies, media, devices, protocols) | Mostly theory, a good chapter to finish with | 10 (Unit II) |
Accountancy
Students choose either Financial Statement Analysis or Computerised Accounting for Part B.
| Order | Unit and topic | Why here | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Partnership: features, deed, fixed/fluctuating capital, profit appropriation | Base for all partnership work | 36 (Unit 1: Partnership Firms) |
| 2 | Goodwill (average profit, super profit, capitalisation) | Needed for admission and retirement | |
| 3 | Change in profit sharing ratio (sacrificing and gaining ratio) | Needed for admission and retirement | |
| 4 | Admission of a partner | Uses goodwill, revaluation, ratios | |
| 5 | Retirement and death of a partner | Builds on admission | |
| 6 | Dissolution of a partnership firm | Final partnership topic | |
| 7 | Accounting for Share Capital | Starts company accounts | 24 (Unit 2: Companies) |
| 8 | Debentures | Follows share capital | |
| 9 | Analysis of Financial Statements (comparative, common size, ratios) | Needs company formats | 12 (Unit 3, Part B) |
| 10 | Cash Flow Statement | Needs the financial statement analysis | 8 (Unit 4, Part B) |
| Alt | Computerised Accounting (instead of Units 3 and 4) | Choose this OR rows 9–10 | 20 |
Geography
Theory is 70 marks, including 10 for map work. Practical is 30.
History
Theory is 80 marks: 25 + 25 + 25 + 5 map work. Project is 20 marks. Themes are best studied in order, which is also chronological.
| Order | Theme | Why here | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Theme 1: Bricks, Beads and Bones (Harappan Civilisation) | Starting point of the course | 25 (Part I: Ancient) |
| 2 | Theme 2: Kings, Farmers and Towns | Early states and economies | |
| 3 | Theme 3: Kinship, Caste and Class | Social structure of the same period | |
| 4 | Theme 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings | Cultural developments | |
| 5 | Theme 5: Through the Eyes of Travellers | Starts medieval India | 25 (Part II: Medieval) |
| 6 | Theme 6: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions | Religious change in the period | |
| 7 | Theme 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara | Case study of a medieval city | |
| 8 | Theme 8: Peasants, Zamindars and the State (Mughal Empire) | Agrarian history | |
| 9 | Theme 9: Colonialism and the Countryside | Starts modern India | 25 (Part III: Modern) |
| 10 | Theme 10: Rebels and the Raj (Revolt of 1857) | Follows colonial rule | |
| 11 | Theme 11: Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement | Builds on 1857 and colonial context | |
| 12 | Theme 12: Framing the Constitution | Ends the course |
Map work (5 marks) is part of the 80. Practise each part’s map items while studying its themes.
