Quarcum lepidum
| Signum | Nomen | Onus | Massa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lat. | Ang. | |||
| Primum genus | ||||
| d | inferum | down | −1/3 | ~ 5 MeV/c² |
| u | superum | up | +2/3 | ~ 3 MeV/c² |
| Secundum genus | ||||
| s | mirum | strange | −1/3 | 95 ± 25 MeV/c² |
| c | lepidum | charm | +2/3 | 1,8 GeV/c² |
| Tertium genus | ||||
| b | imum | bottom | −1/3 | 4,5 GeV/c² |
| t | summum | top | +2/3 | 171 GeV/c² |
Quarcum lepidum,[1] vel quarcum c,[2] omnium quarcorum est tertium e maxime massvo, quasi particula elementaris, et magna materiei pars. Quarca lepida in hadrona appellatis inveniuntur, quae particulae subatomicae in quarcis consistentes sunt. Inter hadrona quae quarca mira continent sunt meson J/ψ, mesona D, baryona mirifica sigma, aliaeque particulae mirae.
Quarcum lepidum, cum quarco miro, est pars secundae materiei aetatis, atque onus electricum +2/3 e? et massam nudam 95+9
−3 MeV/c2.? habet.[3] Quarcum lepidum, sicut omnia quarca, est fermion elementare cui est versus 1/2,? et quod omnes quattuor vires fundamentales[4] patitur, quae sunt gravitatio, electromagnetismus, vires debiles, et vires fortes. Antiparticula quarci lepidi est antiquarcum lepidum,[5] quod ab eo differt solum quod nonnullae ex eius proprietatibus, sicut onus electricum, magnitudinem aequam sed signum oppositum exhibent.
Exsistentia quarci quarti a nonnullis auctoribus circa 1964 excogitabatur, exempli gratia a Iacobo Bjorken et Sheldon Lee Glashow[6]), sed a Sheldon Lee Glashow, Ioanne Iliopoulos, et Luciano Maiani anno 1970 certe praedicta est.[7] Glashow ipse sic dixit: "Nostrum constructum 'quarcum mirum' nominabamus, nam a symmetria quam in mundum subnuclearem ferebat fascinabamur et oblectabamur."[8][9] Prima particula fascinata (particula quarcum lepidum continens) nota erat meson J/ψ, quam anno 1974 manus investigatorum invenerunt apud Sedem Acceleratoris Linearis Stanfordiensem in California, Burtono Richter duce,[10] atque adeo apud Laboratorium Nationale Brookhavenense in Novo Eboraco, Samuele Ting duce.[11]
J/Psi particula subatomica anno 1974 inventum (et ergo quarcum lepidum inventum) multas coepit res gestas magni momenti, quae Res Novae Novembres una appellantur.
Hadrona quae quarca lepida continent
[recensere | fontem recensere]Nonnulla hadrona quarca lepida continent.
- Mesona D quarcum lepidum (aut eius antiparticulam) et quarcum superum aut inferum continent.
- Mesona D mirus quarcum lepidum et quarcum mirum continent.
- Sunt multi status charmonia dicti, exempli gratia particulae J/Psi, quae in quarco lepido et eius antiparticula consistunt.
- Baryona mira observata sunt, et nomina per analogiam cum baryonis miris ferunt, exempli gratia particula lambda+ miro.
Nexus interni
Notae
[recensere | fontem recensere]- ↑ Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est (Anglice: quark charm). Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.
- ↑ Signum c, Anglicum charm significans.
- ↑ Tanabashi et al. 2018.
- ↑ Etiam interactiones fundamentales appellatae.
- ↑ Aliquando quarcum antilepidum et antilepidum tantum appellatum.
- ↑ B. J. Bjorken, S. L. Glashow; Glashow (1964). "Elementary particles and SU(4)". Physics Letters 11 (3): 255–57
- ↑ S. L. Glashow, J. Iliopoulos, L. Maiani; Iliopoulos; Maiani (1970). "Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry". Physical Review D 2 (7): 1285–92
- ↑ Anglice "We called our construct the 'charmed quark', for we were fascinated and pleased by the symmetry it brought to the subnuclear world."
- ↑ M. Riordan (1987). The Hunting of the Quark: A True Story of Modern Physics. Simon & Schuster. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-671-50466-3
- ↑ J.-E. Augustin (1974). "Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in e+e− Annihilation". Physical Review Letters 33 (23): 1406
- ↑ J. J. Aubert (1974). "Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J". Physical Review Letters 33 (23): 1404
Bibliographia
[recensere | fontem recensere]- Ali, A., et G. Kramer. 2011. "JETS and QCD: A historical review of the discovery of the quark and gluon jets and its impact on QCD." European Physical Journal H 36 (2): 245. doi:10.1140/epjh/e2011-10047-1. Bibcode 2011EPJH...36..245A. Arxiv 1012.2288. S2cid 54062126.
- Gell-Mann, Murray. (1964) 2000. "The Eightfold Way: A theory of strong interaction symmetry." In The Eightfold Way, ed. Murray Gell-Mann et Yuval Ne'eman. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-7382-0299-0. Primum impressus 1961: "The Eightfold Way: A theory of strong interaction symmetry". Synchrotron Laboratory Report CTSL-20. California Institute of Technology.
- Johnson, G. 2000. Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in Twentieth-Century Physics. Novi Eboraci: Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-43764-2. Google Books.
- Nave, R. "Quarks." In HyperPhysics. Department of Physics and stronomy, Georgia State University. Editio interretialis.
- Nishijima, Kazuhiko. 1955. "Charge Independence Theory of V Particles." Progress of Theoretical Physics 13 (3): 285. doi:10.1143/PTP.13.285. Bibcode 1955PThPh..13..285N.
- Pickering, A. 1984. Constructing Quarks. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-66799-7.
- Tanabashi, M., et al. (Particle Data Group). 2018. "Review of Particle Physics." Physical Review D 98 (3): 1–708. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.98.030001. Bibcode 2018PhRvD..98c0001T. PMID 10020536. Editio interretialis.
| Fermiones: | |
|---|---|
| Leptones: |
Electrones · Myones · Tauones · Neutrina |
| Bosones gauge: |
Photones · Gluones · bosona W+, W- et Z0 · boson Higgsianum |
| Hypotheticae: | |
| Particulae compositae: | |
| Hadrones: | |
| Baryones: | |
| Mesones: |
