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調æ»å ±åãæ²èŒãããã®ã¯ããVACCINEããšããåŠè¡éèªããã¯ã¯ãã³ããªããŠãã¹ãã¬ãŒããªã¿ã€ãã«ã®åŠè¡éèªããã£ãã®ã§ããã
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IntroductionããåŒçš
Pre-authorization clinical studies provided useful information on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines, but they have limitations such as sample size and follow-up that may be addressed in post-authorization safety studies in large healthcare databases. Accordingly, FDA and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) are using the Medicare health insurance database, covering more than 25 million elderly persons aged 65 years and older, to conduct near real-time safety monitoring of 14 outcomes on a weekly basis following COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or Ad26.COV2.S) administration.
ãæ¿èªåã®èšåºè©ŠéšãããCOVID-19ã¯ã¯ãã³ã®å®å šæ§ã«ã€ããŠæçšãªæ å ±ãæäŸããããããµã³ãã«æ°ã远跡調æ»ãªã©ã®éçãããããšæžãããŠããŸããã€ãŸããèšåºè©Šéšã«åå ãã人æ°ãå°ãªãããæ¥çš®åŸã®è¿œè·¡èª¿æ»ãé·æã«ããã£ãŠè¡ãããšã¯é£ãããããå®å šæ§ã«é¢ããæ å ±ã¯èšåºè©Šéšã ãã§ã¯ååã§ã¯ãªãããšèªã¿åããŸãã
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ãã«ããŒããã¡ãã£ã±ã¢å¥åº·ä¿éºããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãçšããŠãCOVID-19ã¯ã¯ãã³ïŒBNT162b2ãmRNA-1273ãAd26.COV2.SïŒæäžåŸã«14é
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â»BNT162b2ã¯ãã¡ã€ã¶ãŒãmRNA-1273ã¯ã¢ãã«ããAd26.COV2.Sã¯Janssen
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https://www.mhlw.go.jp/wp/hakusyo/kaigai/13/dl/09.pdf
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Acute Myocardial InfarctionïŒæ¥æ§å¿çæ¢å¡ïŒãDeep Vein Thrombosis ïŒæ·±éšéèè¡æ ç ïŒãPulmonary Embolism ïŒèºå¡æ çïŒãDisseminated Intravascular CoagulationïŒæçš®æ§è¡ç®¡å
ååºçå矀ïŒãNon-hemorrhagic StrokeïŒèè¡æ§è³åäžïŒãHemorrhagic StrokeïŒåºè¡æ§è³åäžïŒãImmune Thrombocytopenia ïŒå
ç«æ§è¡å°æ¿æžå°çïŒãMyocarditis/Pericarditis ïŒå¿ççã»å¿èçïŒãGuillain-Barre Syndrome ïŒã®ã©ã³ã»ãã¬ãŒçå矀ïŒãBellâs Palsy ïŒãã«éº»çºïŒãTransverse Myelitis ïŒæšªææ§èé«çïŒãEncephalomyelitis/Encephalitis ïŒè³èé«çã»è³çïŒãNarcolepsy ïŒãã«ã³ã¬ãã·ãŒïŒãAppendicitis ïŒè«åçïŒ
調ã¹ã14é ç®ããéåžžã«è峿·±ãã§ããä»ã®å¹Žéœ¢å±€ã§ã調ã¹ããã4ã€ä»¥å€ãææå·®ããããããããŸãããäŸãã°ãå¿ççã»å¿èçã¯ããã£ãšè¥ã幎霢局ã§èª¿ã¹ãããéãçµæã«ãªã£ãŠããã§ãããããã«ã³ã¬ãã·ãŒïŒæ¥äžã«çªç¶åŒ·ãç æ°ãåºçŸããŠãç ã蟌ãã§ããŸãç æ°ïŒãå ¥ã£ãŠããã®ãæ°ã«ãªããŸãã
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IntroductionããåŒçš
Routinely used by FDA in safety surveillance for annual influenza vaccines in the past decade, this method is designed to be sensitive enough to quickly screen safety signals for further evaluation in robust epidemiologic studies [4], [5]. This rapid screening method performs hypothesis testing, sequentially, in a prospective manner as the vaccine data accrue to detect potential safety signals earlier in the course of surveillance, but signals must be further evaluated in more robust studies with confounding adjustment. However, results detected by near real-time surveillance do not establish a causal association between the outcomes and vaccination because of the method has limited adjustments for confounding.
ãã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãFDAã幎次ã€ã³ãã«ãšã³ã¶ã¯ã¯ãã³ã®å®å šæ§èª¿æ»ã§æ¥åžžçã«äœ¿çšããŠãããšã®ããšã§ããããã¯ã¯ãã³æ¥çš®ãšã®å æé¢ä¿ã蚌æãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšæžãããŠããŸãã
ãããã«ãã®æ¹æ³ã ãšãèªå·±ç³åãšã¯éããã¯ã¯ãã³æ¥çš®ãšé¢é£ããªããšæã£ãŠãã人ã§ããæ¥çš®åŸã«çç¶ãåºã人ãã«ãŠã³ãã§ããŸããããã©ããã¯ã¯ãã³ãæ¥çš®ããããçç¶ãåºããã©ãããŸã§ã¯ããããªãã§ãããã
FindingsããåŒçš
Four outcomes met the threshold for a statistical signal following BNT162b2 vaccination including pulmonary embolism (PE; RR = 1.54), acute myocardial infarction (AMI; RR = 1.42), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC; RR = 1.91), and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP; RR = 1.44). After further evaluation, only the RR for PE still met the statistical threshold for a signal; however, the RRs for AMI, DIC, and ITP no longer did. No statistical signals were identified following vaccination with either the mRNA-1273 or Ad26 COV2.S vaccines.
ãã¡ã€ã¶ãŒç€Ÿè£œã¯ã¯ãã³æ¥çš®åŸãèºå¡æ çãæ¥æ§å¿çæ¢å¡ãæç𮿧è¡ç®¡å ååºãå ç«è¡å°æ¿æžå°çã®çµæãçµ±èšçã·ã°ãã«ã®éŸå€ãæºãããããã©ãã¢ãã«ããšJanssenã¯çµ±èšçãªã·ã°ãã«ã¯ç¢ºèªãããªãã£ããããã«èªç¶çºççãªã©ã調æŽããŠè©äŸ¡ããªããããšãããèºå¡æ çã®ã¿ãçµ±èšçã«ææã ã£ããšã®ããšã
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DiscussionããåŒçš
The statistical signals of four serious outcomes are not necessarily causal and may be due to factors potentially unrelated to vaccination.
ã4 ã€ã®é節ãªè»¢åž°ã®çµ±èšçã·ã°ãã«ã¯ãå¿ ãããå æé¢ä¿ããªããã¯ã¯ãã³æ¥çš®ãšã¯ç¡é¢ä¿ãªæœåšçèŠå ã«ãããã®ã§ããå¯èœæ§ãããããšæžãããŠããããã¯ãå æé¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠã¯èª¿ã¹ãŠããŸããã
DiscussionããåŒçš
By using the large Medicare nationwide database with longitudinal linkage of vaccination, health services, and demographic information for millions of elderly persons, we can detect even small increases in the relative risk of rare outcomes for multiple vaccines that may not be captured in pre-authorization clinical trials.
ãå€§èŠæš¡ãªå šåœããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã䜿çšããããšã«ãããæ¿èªåã®èšåºè©Šéšã§ã¯ææ¡ã§ããªããããªè€æ°ã®ã¯ã¯ãã³ã®çšãªè»¢åž°ã®çžå¯Ÿãªã¹ã¯ã®ããããªäžæãæ€åºããããšãå¯èœã§ããããšããéšåã¯ãéåžžã«éèŠã ãšæããŸããèšåºè©Šéšã§ã¯ãçžå¯Ÿãªã¹ã¯ã®ããããªäžæã¯ææ¡ã§ããªããšããããšã§ããããŸã ããã£ãŠããªãããšãããããããã®ã ãšããããšã§ãããã
DiscussionããåŒçš
FDA strongly believes the potential benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the potential risks of COVID-19 infection. Per FDA communication of these findings, FDA is currently not taking any regulatory actions based on these signal detection activities because these signals are still under investigation and require more robust study.
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The FDA has not found any new causal relationships between the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine and potential adverse events of special interest identified in 2021. The FDA plans to release the study findings in early 2023. (12/22/2022)
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