
è¬åãšããŠã®å æéå ââ å®çµç·šïŒå°å¹³é¢ã®å åŽãž / Causal Sets as âè¬åâ â Final Edition: Inside the Horizon
å®çµç·šã«ã€ã㊠/ About this final edition
æ¬çš¿ã¯ãè¬åãšããŠã®å æéå ââ å®å šçãïŒv9ïŒã®ç¶ç·šã§ãããã·ãªãŒãºã®å®çµç·šïŒv10ïŒã§ããv9 ã§äºã€ã®å ¬çïŒA1ãA5ïŒãšããŠæžããæåœ±èŠå f ããå®éã«èšç®ã§ãã圢ã«èœãšããçè«ã®äžå¿åœé¡ââç§ãã¡ã¯çãŸããŠãããªããã°æ»ãã§ããããããã©ãã¯ããŒã«ã®äºè±¡ã®å°å¹³é¢ã®å åŽã«ããŠããã¹ãŠã®äººãè¬åãæããŠããââããé åºè«ã®äžã€ã®äºå®ãšããŠèšãçŽããŸããè¶ åŒŠçè«ã»M çè«ãæŒèŒçŸ ãšçåœã®æš¹ãæ¶ æ§ïŒäžçäžæ» ïŒãšã®å¯Ÿå¿ããã©ããŸã§ãèšç®ã§ã©ããããæ¯å©ããåããŠæžããŸããã
This is the sequel to, and the final edition (v10) of, âCausal Sets as âè¬åâ â Complete Editionâ (v9). The projection rule f, written at v9 as five axioms (A1âA5), is made computable, and the central thesis â we are neither born nor dead; we stand inside the black-hole horizon; and every one of us forms a funeral procession â is restated as three facts of order theory. Correspondences with superstring and M-theory, with the mandala and the Tree of Life, and with nirvÄá¹a (unborn, undying) are drawn with the line between computation and metaphor made explicit.
ã¯ããã« / Introduction
äœåãCausal Sets / è¬åããèµ·ç¹ã«ãæéããæµããã§ã¯ãªãå æé¢ä¿ã®éšåé åºãšããŠæãçŽãââãã®è©Šã¿ã¯ v1 ãã v9 ãŸã§ãå³çïŒplateïŒã»è«æã»noteã»SNS ã®åã€ã®åºåãåãå éšç¶æ ããæŽŸçãããããšããäœæ³ã§ç¶ããŠããŸãããv10 ã§ã¯ããã®å éšç¶æ ãã®ãã®ãå ¬éããŸãããã¹ãŠã®ã³ãŒãã«äžè¡ããšã®æ³šéãä»ãããã¹ãŠã®å³çããã®ã³ãŒãããçæãçŽããŸããã
Anchored in the artwork âCausal Sets / è¬å,â this series has reframed time not as a flow but as a partial order of causal relations, deriving four outputs â plate, paper, note, SNS â from one internal state. v10 publishes that internal state itself: every line of code is annotated, and every figure is regenerated from it.
äœåãã£ãã·ã§ã³ / Artwork Caption

Title of Work: Causal Sets / è¬å
Year of Creation: Apr 2023
Dimensions: 41 à 61 cm (Height à Width)
Medium: Digital media
Technique: Photo collage
æ¬äœåãè¬åãã¯ãæ±æŽã®ç¥ç§ææ³ãšãéåååŠãšäžè¬çžå¯Ÿæ§çè«ãã€ãªãæŠå¿µçãªæ¶ãæ©ã§ããå æéåçè«ã«çæ³ãåŸãŠããŸããéå»ã»çŸåšã»æªæ¥ã®åºæ¥äºãäžç¬ã®ãã¡ã«å±éããããšãããåå ãšçµæã®åææ§ãæ¢æ±ããæéã®é£ç¶æ§ãšããéå¿µã«ææŠããŠããŸããããããã®ååšã¯ãèªãã®ã»ã«ã«å€ç«ããŠããããã«æãããŠããŸããããããé¿ããããšã®ã§ããªãéåœã®çµã«ãã£ãŠäºãã«ã€ãªãããç§ãã¡ã®éåçãªååšã圢ã¥ããããŠããããšã瀺åãããŠããŸãã
âCausal Setsâ draws inspiration from Eastern mysticism and the theory of causal sets â a conceptual bridge between quantum mechanics and general relativity. The artwork explores the simultaneity of cause and effect, illustrating how events of the past, present, and future unfold in an instant, thereby challenging the traditional notion of temporal continuity. Each being is depicted as isolated within its own cell, yet interconnected through inevitable bonds of fate.
äžå¿åœé¡ / The Central Thesis
v10 ãæçµçã«è¿°ã¹ããããšã¯ãäžã€ã®æã«åãŸããŸããããããã«ãé åºè«ã®äºå®ããç©çã®å¯Ÿå¿ããæ±æŽææ³ã®å¯Ÿå¿ããåããŠæ·»ããŸãããåœé¡ãä¿¡ããŠãããããã§ã¯ãªããåœé¡ãã©ã®çšåºŠãŸã§èšç®å¯èœããæž¬ãããã§ãã
What v10 finally wants to say fits in three sentences. To each we attach the order-theoretic fact, the physical correspondence, and the correspondence in Eastern thought â not to be believed, but to measure how far each thesis can be computed.
P1ãç§ãã¡ã¯çãŸããŠãããªããã°ãæ»ãã§ãããªãã / We are neither born nor dead.
æéã®èŠ³æž¬çªã®äžã«ã¯ãéå»ãæããªãèŠçŽ ãïŒçïŒãšãæªæ¥ãæããªãèŠçŽ ãïŒæ»ïŒãå¿ ãçŸããŸãããçªãåºå®ãããŸãŸå æéåãåºãããšããã®å²å㯠0 ã«åãããŸããçãšæ»ã¯é åºã®æ§è³ªã§ã¯ãªããçªã®çžã®æ§è³ªã§ããç©çã§ã¯ãå°å¹³é¢äžã§åºææãæµããªãïŒÏ = 0ïŒããšãæ±æŽææ³ã§ã¯ãè¬è¥å¿çµã®ãäžçäžæ» ãã
Inside a finite window there are always elements without a past (births) and without a future (deaths), but enlarge the causal set with the window fixed and their fraction tends to zero. Birth and death are properties of the window's edge, not of the order. Physics: no proper time passes on the horizon (Ï = 0). Eastern thought: the Heart SÅ«tra's âneither born nor extinguished.â

P2ããã®äžçã¯ããã©ãã¯ããŒã«ã®äºè±¡ã®å°å¹³é¢ã®å åŽã«ããã / This world lies inside the event horizon of a black hole.
ãã«é¢ u = u_h ã§å æéåãäºåãããšã糞ã¯å€åŽããå åŽãžããè¶ããããŸãããå åŽããèŠãã°å°å¹³é¢ã¯ãè¶ããããªãéå»ããå€åŽããèŠãã°ãèªã¿åããããªãå¢çããããã°ã©ãã£ãã¯åçââå¢çã®ããŒã¿ãã bulk ã埩å ãããââãããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸããæ±ãå°å¹³é¢ã¯ãäºå ¬çãåæã«æç«ããå®å®é åã®å éšã«ãããéçãªã·ã¥ãŽã¡ã«ãã·ã«ãå°å¹³é¢ã®çæ³åã§ããé¿é Œè¶èããçŸè±¡äžçãå±éããããšããå¯èã®æ§å³ãšåã圢ãããŠããŸãã
Split the causal set by the null surface u = u_h and threads cross only from outside to inside. From within, the horizon is an uncrossable past; from without, a boundary that can only be read. This corresponds to the holographic principle â the bulk reconstructed from boundary data. The horizon treated is an idealisation of a static Schwarzschild horizon, lying inside the stable regime where all five axioms hold. It has the shape of the YogÄcÄra picture in which the phenomenal world unfolds from the storehouse consciousness.

P3ããã¹ãŠã®äººã ã¯ãè¬åãæããŠããã / Every one of us forms a funeral procession.
Dilworth ã®å®çïŒä»»æã®æéãªéšåé åºã¯ããã®å¹ ã«çããæ¬æ°ã®éïŒå šé åºãªåïŒã«åå²ã§ãããã¹ãŠã®èŠçŽ ã¯ã¡ããã©äžã€ã®éã«å±ããŸãã320 èŠçŽ ã®å æéåã§ã¯ã33 æ¬ã®åãå šèŠçŽ ãèŠããŸãããåã®å€ã«ç«ã€è ã¯ããŸãããç©çã§ã¯ãããã»ã¹ã¬ããïŒå°å¹³é¢ãè¶ããç¬ç«ãªç³žã®æå€§æ¬æ°ïŒæå°ã«ããïŒãæ±æŽææ³ã§ã¯çžèµ·ãšç¡æââèŠçŽ ã¯é¢ä¿ã®æã§ãã£ãŠãé¢ä¿ã®å€ã«å®äœãæããªãââã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãã
Dilworth's theorem: any finite partial order can be partitioned into as many chains (totally ordered columns) as its width, and every element belongs to exactly one chain. In a 320-element causal set, 33 columns cover every element. No one stands outside. Physics: bit threads (the maximal number of independent threads across the horizon equals the minimum cut). Eastern thought: dependent origination and non-self â an element is a bundle of relations with no substance outside them.

v10 ã§èšç®ããããš / What v10 Computes
v9 ã®äºå ¬çããæ£åžãããå æéåã»ãã«é¢ãšããŠã®å°å¹³é¢ã»åã€ã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ Ξ = (p, q, Ï, κ) ã®äžã§æ€æ»ã§ããããã«ããŸãããå®å®é å Ω_stable ã¯çžå³ãšããŠæ±ãŸããA5ïŒããã°ã©ãã£ãã¯å¢çïŒã®äžç κ_max ã¯æå€§æµïŒbit threadsïŒããæ°å€çã«åºãŸãã
The five axioms of v9 are made testable on a sprinkled causal set, a horizon modelled as a null surface, and four parameters Ξ = (p, q, Ï, κ). The stable regime Ω_stable is obtained as a phase diagram, and the A5 (holographic) bound κ_max follows numerically from maximal flow (bit threads).


ããã«åã€ã®æ¡åŒµãå ããŸãããé åºã ãããæç©ºã®æ¬¡å 2 ãåãåºãïŒMyrheimâMeyerïŒãé¢ç©åã®çŽ æŽãªæ€èšŒïŒ1+1 次å ã§ã¯ç ŽããããšããåŠå®ççµæïŒããä»ãã¯åéã§ããïŒåæã«åšããååšã®æ°ïŒè¬åã®æ¬æ°ïŒãçžïŒå ±éã®æªæ¥ïŒçªãåºãããšãã©ã®äºäººã«ãå¿ ãå ±éã®æªæ¥ãããïŒã
Four extensions are added: the dimension 2 recovered from order alone (MyrheimâMeyer); a naive test of the area law (a negative result in 1+1 dimensions); the present as an antichain (the number of beings that can exist at once equals the number of processions); and en as a shared future (enlarge the window and every pair shares a future).

ã³ãŒãã¯ãã¹ãŠäžè¡ããšã«æ³šéãä»ããŠããŸããããšãã°å°å¹³é¢ã®å®çŸ©ã¯ãããã ãã§ãã
Every line of code is annotated. The horizon, for example, is defined in these few lines:
def horizon_split(pts, u_h=0.5):
# å
åéåº§æš u = (t â x)/â2 ã埩å
ãããå°å¹³é¢ã¯ãã«é¢ u = u_hïŒã¯ã«ã¹ã«ã«åº§æšã® U = 0 ã«çžåœïŒ
u = (pts[:, 0] - pts[:, 1]) / math.sqrt(2.0)
# u ⥠u_h ã®èŠçŽ ãå°å¹³é¢ã®ãå
åŽããå æé¢ä¿ã¯ u ãæžãããªãã®ã§ãå
åŽããå€åŽãžæ»ã糞ã¯ååšããªã
inside = u >= u_h
# å
åŽã®çåœãã¯ãã«ãè¿ããå€åŽã¯ãã®åŠå®
return insideãããŠãè¬åãžã®åè§£ãã¯ãDilworth ã®å®çããã®ãŸãŸå®è£ ãããã®ã§ãã
And the decomposition into processions is Dilworth's theorem implemented as it stands:
def minimum_chain_cover(C):
# èŠçŽ æ°
n = C.shape[0]
# äºéšã°ã©ããäœãïŒå·ŠåŽã«åèŠçŽ ã®ãåºå£ããå³åŽã«ãå
¥å£ãã眮ã
G = nx.Graph()
# å·Šå³ã®é ç¹ãç»é²ããïŒå·Šã¯ 0..nâ1ãå³ã¯ n..2nâ1ïŒ
G.add_nodes_from(range(2 * n))
# i ⺠j ãªããi ã®åºå£ãš j ã®å
¥å£ãçµã¶ïŒi ã®æ¬¡ã« j ãç¶ãããšããæå³ïŒ
i, j = np.where(C)
# 蟺ãäžæ¬ã§ç»é²ãã
G.add_edges_from(zip(i, j + n))
# æå€§ãããã³ã° = ãæ¬¡ã«èª°ããç¶ããèŠçŽ ã®æå€§æ°
M = nx.bipartite.maximum_matching(G, top_nodes=range(n))
# ãããããèŸºã®æ°ïŒèŸæžã¯äž¡åãã«å
¥ãã®ã§ååã«ããïŒ
matched = sum(1 for a in M if a < n)
# DilworthïŒFulkersonïŒæå°ã®éè¢«èŠæ° = n â æå€§ãããã³ã°ãããããè¬åã®æ¬æ°ã
return n - matched, M匊ãšèãæŒèŒçŸ ãšæš¹ / Strings and Branes, Mandala and Tree
è¶ åŒŠçè«ã»M çè« / Superstring and M-theory
æ¬çš¿ã®ãå æã®ç³žãã¯åŒŠã®äžçé¢ã®æé¢ãšããŠãå°å¹³é¢ã¯ãã¬ãŒã³ïŒAdS å¢çïŒãšããŠèªããŸããèšç®ã§ããã®ã¯T å察ââååŸ R ã®åŒŠãš αâ²/R ã®åŒŠãåãã¹ãã¯ãã«ãæã€ââã ãã§ãããã¯ãçªã®å€§ããã¯ç©çã§ã¯ãªãããšãã P1 ã®åŒŠçè«çã§ããæ®ãã¯å¯Ÿå¿ã§ãã£ãŠå®çã§ã¯ãªãããšæèšããŸããã
The causal thread reads as a cross-section of a string worldsheet, the horizon as a brane (AdS boundary). What is actually computed is T-duality â a string at radius R and at αâ²/R share one spectrum â the string-theoretic form of P1: the size of the window is not physics. The rest is stated as correspondence, not theorem.

æŒèŒçŸ ãšçåœã®æš¹ / Mandala and the Tree of Life
ã«ãã©ã®çåœã®æš¹ã¯ãåŸã«æµåºã®åããäžãããšéšåé åºã«ãªããåã»ãã£ã©ã® rank 㯠0ã8 ã®ä¹æ®µã«ãªããŸããv2 以æ¥ãSephirot å¶çŽããšåŒãã§ãããã®ã®äžèº«ã¯ããã®åèŠçŽ ã®é åºãšã®æºååã§ãããå æéåã® rank ãååŸã«ã空éãååšã«å·»ããŠæåœ±ãããšãéå»ãæããªãèŠçŽ ãäžå¿ã«éãŸããæãæ·±ãæ®µãå€åšã«äžŠã¶ââèèµæŒèŒçŸ ã®æ§å³ãšåã圢ã§ããæŒèŒçŸ ã®äžå¿ã¯ãåå ã®ãªãåå ãã§ã¯ãªãã芳枬ã®éçãæãç¹ã§ãã
Given the direction of emanation, the kabbalistic Tree becomes a partial order with ranks 0â8. What the series has called the âSephirot constraintâ since v2 turns out to be a homomorphism onto this ten-element order. Project the causal set with rank as radius and space wrapped onto the circle, and elements without a past gather at the centre while the deepest tier lies on the rim â the shape of the Womb-realm mandala. The centre is not an uncaused cause but a point drawn by the limit of observation.

é¢é£äœ / Related Work
ãå åãã®å埩ã»å ¥ãåã®çºæ³ã¯ãæ¬çš¿ã«ããã rank ã®å ¥ãåãšãæŒèŒçŸ æåœ±ââåå¿ã®ç°ãšããŠçŸããæ®µââã®èªè§£ã«ãè£å©çãªåç §æ ãäžããŸãããè¬åããæéé ã«é£ãªãéãªãããå åãã¯åãåãå ¥ãåã«ãªã£ãŠééãªãå埩ããæ§é ã§ãã
The repetition and nesting of âArchetypusâ provide a supporting frame for rank-nesting and for the mandala projection, where the tiers of the order appear as concentric rings. If âè¬åâ is a chain strung along time, âArchetypusâ is the same figure nested and recurring without end.

Title of Work: Archetypus / å
å
Year of Creation: Jul 2020
Dimensions: 123 à 99 cm (Height à Width)
Medium: Digital media
Technique: Photo collage
ãã®äœåã§ã¯ãååãžã®ååž°ãšå埩ããšããããŒãã«æ²¿ã£ãŠãé³¥ã®ä»®é¢ã被ã£ã女æ§ãç¹°ãè¿ãè€è£œããŠããŸããããã¯äººéã®æã€çŸçãªé¡æã衚çŸããŠããŸããçæ°ãæ¯ããè«çãèžè¡äœåãã²ããŠã¯äººé¡ã®ææã«ã¯å¿ èŠäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãããäœå®¶ã«ãšã£ãŠè«çã¯æèŠãæããææ®µã«éããªããããäž¡è ã®å ±åãåããé¡ã®ãããªå埩ãçãããšã«ãªããŸããããã«ã¯çµçããªãããã å ¥ãåæ§é ã«ãªã£ãäžçãã«ãŒãããŠããã®ã¿ã§ãã人é¡ã®æŽå²ãæåãæŠäºãçŽäºããããŠå®å®ããã®ããã«ããŠæ§ç¯ãããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã§ããããã
This artwork, titled âArchetypus,â explores the theme of âA Return to the Archetypal and Repetition,â featuring repeated reproductions of a woman wearing a bird mask â an expression of humanity's fierce desires. The logic that sustains madness is indispensable to art, and indeed to human civilization; yet for the artist, logic is no more than a means of restraining the senses. The coexistence of the two thus gives rise to a repetition like that of facing mirrors â endlessly looping within nested structures. There is no end to it; only a nested world looping on. Perhaps human history, culture, wars and conflicts, and even the cosmos itself, have been constructed in just this way.
äžçäžæ» / Unborn, Undying
å æéåã®èŠçŽ ã¯ãé åºä»¥å€ã®å±æ§ãæã¡ãŸãããèŠçŽ ããäœã§ããããã¯ãäœã®åŸã«ããäœã®åã«ãããã§å°œããŸããããã¯ç¡æã®åœ¢åŒçãªèšãçŽãã§ãããçžèµ·ã¯é åº âº ãã®ãã®ã§ããããããè³ã£ãæ¶ æ§ãæ¬çš¿ã¯å®çŸ©ããŸãããå®çŸ©ã§ããã®ã¯ãçãšæ»ãçªã®ç£ç©ã§ããããšãå°å¹³é¢äžã§ã¯æéãæµããªãããšããããŠãã¹ãŠã®èŠçŽ ãåã«å±ããããšãŸã§ã§ãããã®å ã¯ãèšç®ã§ã¯ãªãä¿®è¡ã®é åã§ãã
An element of a causal set has no attribute other than its order: what it is, is exhausted by what it follows and what it precedes. This is a formal restatement of non-self, and dependent origination is the order ⺠itself. The paper does not define the nirvÄá¹a the Buddha reached. What it can define is that birth and death are products of the window, that no time passes on the horizon, and that every element belongs to a column. Beyond that lies practice, not computation.
çµèª / Closing
è¬åãšã¯ãå°å¹³é¢ãéå»ã«æã€äžçã®äžã§ã誰ãåã®å€ã«ç«ããªãé åºã®ããšã§ããã
A procession is an order, inside a world with the horizon in its past, in which no one stands outside the column.
éãããŸãŸã®ãã®ïŒéŸå€ã®å°åºãäžææ§ã®èšŒæã3+1 次å ãžã®æ¡åŒµã匊ãšã®å¯Ÿå¿ã®å®åŒåããããŠäžã€ãèšç®ã®å€ã«ãããã®ââåã«å±ããäžäººã²ãšãããäºãã®ç³žã倧åã«ãããã©ãããããã¯å ¬çã§ã¯ãªããäœåãåãããç¶ããããšã§ãã
Left open: the derivation of the thresholds, the proof of uniqueness, 3+1 dimensions, a formalisation of the string correspondence. And one thing outside computation â whether each of us in the column will treasure the threads between us. That is not an axiom; it is what the artwork keeps asking.

å®å šç PDF / The Complete Edition PDFs
å³è§£ã»ä»æ§ã»å šè¡æ³šéä»ãã³ãŒãã»äºå ¬çã»plate ã®ã£ã©ãªãŒïŒv1ãv10ïŒããã¹ãŠåããå®å šç v10 ããæ¥æ¬èªçã»è±èªçã§å ¬éããŸãïŒå 56 ããŒãžïŒã
The Complete Edition v10 â diagrams, specification, fully annotated code, the five axioms and the plate gallery (v1âv10) â is available in Japanese and English (56 pages each).
é¢é£ãªã³ã¯ / Related Links
åçš¿ïŒv9ïŒ/ Previous
åçš¿ / Original
Causal Sets / è¬å
Archetypus / å å
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å ¬åŒãµã€ã / Website
ãã©ãã³ã©ãŒãžã¥äœå / Photo Collage
äœå®¶ãããã£ãŒã« / Artist Profile
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