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ãThe Effects of Japanese Foreign Exchange Intervention: GARCH Estimation and Change Point Detectionã
Eric Hillebrand Gunther Schnabl Discussion
Paper No.6 October 2003
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ãEffects of the Bank of Japanâs intervention on yen/dollar exchange rate volatilityã21 November 2004
Toshiaki Watanabe (a), Kimie Harada(b)
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The Effects of Japanese Foreign Exchange Intervention: GARCH Estimation and Change Point Detection
Eric Hillebrand Department of Economics, Louisiana State University
Gunther Schnabl Department of Economics and Business Administration, Tuebingen
3. DATAð
To test for the short-term impact of foreign exchange intervention on the level and volatility of the yen/dollar exchange rate we use daily data provided by Datastream, the Japanese Ministry of Finance and the Federal Reserve Board.
The observation period is from April 1, 1991âwhen the first data on Japanese foreign exchange intervention became availableâup to December 31, 2002.
This corresponds to a sample size of 3066 observations.
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The data on the yen/dollar exchange rate are daily closing spot prices by Datastream from the European foreign exchange market (5 p.m. Greenwich). We analyse the log returns of the exchange rate series.
The statistical properties of the first log differences time series are reported in Table 1 in comparison to the German mark/dollar exchange rate.
The respective daily returns and volatilities (defined as squared returns) are plotted in Figure 3
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In Table 1 the negative mean and skewnes represent the prevailing yen appreciation pressure against the dollar.
A larger standard deviation than for the mark/dollar rate indicates increased exchange rate volatility (Figure 3). The kurtosis is significantly above 3 representing a leptokurtic distribution of yen/dollar exchange rate returns.
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Daily data on Japanese foreign exchange intervention are provided by the Japanese Ministry of Finance starting in April 1, 1991.
The amounts are in billion yen subdivided into purchases and sales of dollar, mark (euro) and other (negligible) currencies.
Since we focus on the yen/dollar exchange rate, only dollar transactions are included in our sample and the yen amounts are converted into trillion dollars based on daily exchange rates.
On 3066 trading days the Ministry of Finance reports 215 dollar intervention daysâ182 dollars purchases and 33 dollar sales (Table 2).
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The US foreign exchange intervention data are provided courtesy of the Federal Reserve Board sub-divided into yen, mark and other currencies purchased and sold. The scale is in million dollars, which is then converted into trillion dollars.
For Japan as well, only the yen transactions are included into the sample. The Federal Reserve Board reports 22 intervention days in the yen/dollar market for the observation period â18 days with dollar purchases (yen sales) and 4 days with dollar sales (yen purchases).
To control for disturbances in other asset markets, as proposed by Bonser-Neal and Tanner (1996), we use daily notations of Japanese and US stock indicesâthe Nikkei 300 for Japan and the Dow Jones Industrial Average for the US as provided by Datastream.
The augmented Dickey and Fuller (1979) test as well as the Philips and Perron (1988) test reject the unit root hypothesis for the daily changes of the yen/dollar rate, the Nikkei 300, the DOW Jones Industrial Average as well as for (absolute) intervention data at all common confidence levels.
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