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Effects of the Bank of Japanâs intervention on yen/dollar exchange rate volatility
Toshiaki Watanabe (a), Kimie Harada (b)
(a)Faculty of Economics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Ohsawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
(b)Graduate School of International Accounting, Chuo University, 42-8 Honmura-cho, Ichigaya, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8473, Japan Received 18 September 2002; revised 13 February 2004 Available online 21 November 2004
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Effects of the Bank of Japanâs intervention on yen/dollar exchange rate volatility
Watanabe, Toshiaki, and Harada, Kimie
3. An analysis based on the GARCH model
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3.2. Estimation results
The results of estimating the model that consists of Eqs.
(1)â(3) are presented in Table 2. The effects of the BOJâs and the Fedâs interventions on the level of the yen/dollar exchange rate are captured by c1 and c2, respectively.
If c1 > 0 (c2 > 0), it means that the BOJâs (Fedâs) intervention is effective in the sense that intervention in support of the dollar (yen) leads to an appreciation of the dollar (yen).
For the first period, the estimate of c1 is significantly below zero, while it is significantly above zero for the second period.
This result suggests that the BOJâs intervention is not effective in the early 1990s, while it is effective in the late 1990s through to 2003.
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A negative effect on the level of the yen indicates that supporting the dollar results in a decline in the dollar. This result is not intuitive since it says that intervention is effective but the effect is in the wrong direction.
However, Ito (2002) and Hillebrand and Schnabl (2003) also obtain the same effect during a similar period which includes 1994 â1995.
Ito (2002) suggests that the failure of intervention in 1994 and 1995 may be due to too strong a force of yen appreciation despite repeated intervention.
The Fedâs intervention is effective in both periods because the estimates of c2 are significantly above zero.
The total effect of the BOJâs and the Fedâs joint intervention is measured by c1 + c2. Joint intervention was not effective in the first period (the combined coefficient was â0.2720), however it turned out to be effective in the second period (the combined coefficient was â0.7190).
For the spread between Japanese and US overnight interest rates, (it â i*t), we expect that b < 0 since a rise in the Japanese interest rate compared with the US interest rate will lead to an appreciation of the yen. The estimates of b are negative, but statistically insignificant in both periods.

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Next, we turn to the estimation results of Eq. (3). The effects of the BOJâs and the Fedâs interventions on the volatility of the yen/dollar exchange rate are captured by Ξ1 and Ξ2.
The estimate of Ξ1 in the first half of the sample period is positive but insignificant, meaning that in the first half, the BOJâs intervention increases volatility; however, the effect is not significant. The estimate of Ξ2 in the first period is, contrarily, negative but insignificant, meaning that the Fedâs intervention decreases daily volatility but the magnitude is negligible.
Similarly, the estimates of Ξ1 and Ξ2 in the second half are statistically insignificant. The degree of persistence in volatility can be measured by α + β.
The sum of the estimates of α and β in the first half is 0.9382, which is a little low, but in the second half it is 0.9912. They indicate that the volatility shocks are highly persistent, which is consistent with the literature using GARCH models.
In summary, the effect of intervention on volatility is insignificant.

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