
ã代ç倿°ãçšããåæðããJapanese Foreign Exchange Interventions, 1971-2018:Estimating a Reaction Function Using the Best ProxyãïŒå è¡ç 究解説 No.4ð2023/10/11
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ãJapanese Foreign Exchange Interventions, 1971-2018: Estimating a Reaction Function Using the Best Proxyã
Takatoshi Ito(a), Tomoyoshi Yabu(b)
(a) School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, and GRIPS, Tokyo
(b) Department of Business and Commerce, Keio University
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çµæžç ç©¶ãVol.54 No.2 Apr. 2003
ãEffects of the Bank of Japanâs intervention on yen/dollar exchange rate volatilityã21 November 2004
Toshiaki Watanabe (a), Kimie Harada (b)
ãThe Effects of Japanese Foreign Exchange Intervention: GARCH Estimation and Change Point Detectionã
Eric Hillebrand Gunther Schnabl Discussion
Paper No.6 October 2003
Japanese Foreign Exchange Interventions, 1971-2018: Estimating a Reaction Function Using the Best ProxyÂ
December 12, 2019
Takatoshi Ito(a), Tomoyoshi Yabu(b)
(a) School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, and GRIPS, Tokyo
(b) Department of Business and Commerce, Keio University
ååã®ã埩ç¿ãð
2. Literature
ä»åã®æçš¿ãåŒãç¶ããå è¡ç ç©¶ã§ãŸãšããããŠããæç®ã®èç©ã«ã€ããŠã¢ãŠããããããŠãããããšæããŸã
However, a proxy that has been considered to be more accurate is data from the Bank of Japan titled âTreasury Funds and Others/Foreign Exchangeâ (hereafter, âBOJ FEâ).
Quirk (1977) was one of the earliest papers to argue that the âBOJ FEâ was a better proxy than âChange in Reserve.â He also argued that the monetary authorities followed a lean-against-the-wind policy and that there was no âtargetâ for the exchange rate in the 1970s.
Meanwhile, Hutchison(1984) and Watanabe(1992) both used âBOJ FE.â Hutchison (1984) found that the monetary authorities adopted a lean-against-the-wind policy but were biased against yen appreciation in the 1970s.
Watanabe (1992) concluded that before April 1980, the monetary authorities adopted a lean-against-the wind policy, whereas after April 1980, they began to try to achieve target levels of exchange rates.
ãã ããããæ£ç¢ºã§ãããšèããããŠãã代ç倿°(Proxy)ã¯æ¥æ¬éè¡ã®ãåœåº«è³éçã»å€åœçºæ¿ãïŒä»¥äžãæ¥éFEãïŒã®ããŒã¿ã§ãð
Quirk (1977) ã¯ããæ¥é FEãããæºåéã®å€åããããåªãã代çã§ãããšäž»åŒµããæåã®è«æã® 1 ã€ã§ã
åæ°ã¯ãŸããéèåœå±ã¯é¢šã«éããæ¿ç(a lean-against-the-wind policy)ããšã£ãŠããã1970幎代ã«ã¯çºæ¿ã¬ãŒãã®ãç®æšãã¯ååšããªãã£ããšäž»åŒµããŠããŸãã
äžæ¹ãHutchison(1984幎)ãšæž¡èŸº(1992幎)ã¯ãšãã«ãæ¥é FEãã䜿çšããŠããŸãã
ãŸããHutchison(1984)ã¯ãéèåœå±ã颚ã«éããæ¿ç(a lean-against-the-wind-policy)ãæ¡çšããŠãããã1970幎代ã«ã¯åé«ã«å¯ŸããŠãã€ã¢ã¹ãæã£ãŠããããšãçºèŠããã®ã§ã
枡蟺 (1992) ã¯ãéèåœå±ã¯1980幎4 æä»¥åã¯é¢šã«éããæ¿çãæ¡ããŠãããã1980幎4æä»¥éã¯çºæ¿ã¬ãŒãã®ç®æšæ°Žæºãéæããããšãå§ãããšçµè«ä»ããŠããŸã
Another proxy similar to âBOJ FEâ is the Ministry of Finance statistics contained in the fiscal account âReceipts and Payments of the Treasury Funds; Foreign Exchange Equalization Fundâ (hereafter, âMOF FEEFâ).
The difference between the âBOJ EFâ and the âMOF FEEFâ is that the latter include transactions related to issuance and redemption of government securities for the IMF quota.
When an adjustment is made to the account by subtracting the balance of âIssuance and Redemption of Financial Bills in the Financial Marketâ (hereafter, âAdjusted MOF FEEFâ), then it is believed to be much more representative of actual interventions. Both Suda (1999) and Nakada (1998) used âAdjusted MOF FEEF.â
Suda (1999) pointed out a structural problem with the foreign exchange special account where profits were transferred to the general account while unrealized losses were carried over, whereas Nakada (1998) constructed a neural network model in order to forecast interventions.
ãæ¥é FEãã«äŒŒããã1ã€ã®ä»£çææš(Proxy)ã¯ã財æ¿åå®ãåœåº«è³éã®åå ¥ããã³æ¯æãã«å«ãŸãã財åçã®çµ±èšã«ãªããŸã
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ïŒè²¡åçææ°æïŒã«ã¯IMFæ ã®ããã®åœåµã®çºè¡ããã³åéã«é¢é£ããååŒãå«ãŸããããšã«ãªããŸã
ãéèåžå Žã«ãããéèæåœ¢ã®çºè¡ãšåéãïŒä»¥äžãã調æŽããã財åçææ°æãïŒã®æ®é«ãå·®ãåŒãããšã«ãã£ãŠå£åº§ã«èª¿æŽãè¡ãããå Žåãããã¯å®éã®ä»å
¥ããããã衚ããšèããããŸã
é ç°(1999)ãšäžç°(1998)ã¯äž¡æ¹ãšãã調æŽããã MOF FEEFãã䜿çšããŸãã
é ç°(1999)ã¯ãäžè¬äŒèšãžã®å©ç移転ãšå«ã¿æã®ç¹°è¶ãšããå€çºç¹å¥äŒèšã®æ§é çåé¡ãææããäžç°(1998)ã¯ãä»å
¥ãäºæž¬ããããã®ãã¥ãŒã©ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¢ãã«(a neural network model)ãæ§ç¯ããŸãã
At the time these proxies were proposed and adopted by the various authors mentioned above, actual intervention data had not yet been disclosed.
After the actual intervention data disclosure, an academic interest in proxies was lost. However, actual intervention data have only been disclosed for the period after April 1991.
Proxies are still needed for research and analysis of interventions that took place before April 1991.
Since we have actual intervention data, we can test the proxies against the official data using a âtest sample periodâ where both proxies and actual interventions are available.
In fact, Ito and Yabu (2017) conducted such a test and identified the best proxy for actual interventions.
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