
第2ç« ãSOURCES of BUSHIDOãæŠå£«éã®æ·µæºãç®æ¬¡
ã¯ããã«ãåå žãèªãå©ç¹ãšã¯
#1  I may begin with Buddhism.  å ã¥äœæããå§ããã  ïŒä»€å8幎8æ16æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#2  It furnished a sense of calm trust in Fate, a quiet submission to the inevitable, that stoic composure in sight of danger or calamity, that disdain of life and friendliness with death. Â ä»æãæäŸãããã®Â  ïŒä»€å8幎9æ26æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#3  A foremost teacher of swordsmanship, when he saw his pupil master the utmost of his art, told him, "Beyond this my instruction must give way to Zen teaching."  å£éã®é人ãã圌ã®éåŒã奥矩ãç¿åŸããããšãç¥ã£ãæãããããè¶ ããæã¯ç§ã®æå°ã¯çŠ ã®æãã«éãè²ããªããã°ãªããªãããšèšã£ã ïŒä»€å8幎9æ26æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#4 âZen" is the Japanese equivalent for the Dhyâna, which "represents human effort to reach through meditation zones of thought beyond the range of verbal expression.â    ãçŠ ããšã¯ ãèšèªã«ãã衚çŸã®ç¯å²ãè¶ ããææ³ã®é åã«ãçæ³ã以ãŠéãããšãã人éã®åªåãæå³ãããïŒä»€å8幎9æ26æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ

#5 Its method is contemplation, and its purport, so far as I understand it, to be convinced of a principle that underlies all phenomena, and, if it can, of the Absolute itself, and thus to put oneself in harmony with this Absolute.ãçŠ ã®æ¹æ³ã¯çæ³ã§ãããïŒä»€å8幎9æ26æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#6 Thus defined, the teaching was more than the dogma of a sect, and whoever attains to the perception of the Absolute raises himself above mundane things and awakes "to a new Heaven and a new Earth."ãäœäººã«ããŠãçµ¶å¯Ÿã®æŽå¯ã«éãããè ã¯ãçŸäžã®äºè±¡ãè±ããŠãæ°ããå€©ãšæ°ããå°ã ãšã«èŠéããã®ã§ãããïŒä»€å8幎9æ26æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#7 What Buddhism failed to give, Shintoism offered in abundance.ã仿ãäžããããªãã£ããã®ããç¥éãè±ãã«äŸçµŠãããïŒä»€å8幎9æ26æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#8 Such loyalty to the sovereign, such reverence for ancestral memory, and such filial piety as are not taught by any other creed, were inculcated by the Shinto doctrines, imparting passivity to the otherwise arrogant character of the samurai.   䞻åã«å¯Ÿããå¿ èª ãå ç¥ãžã®åŽæ¬ã ããã«åå¿ãªã©ãç¥éã®æçŸ©ã«ãã£ãŠæãããã.  ïŒä»€å8幎9æ26æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#9 Shinto theology has no place for the dogma of "original sin."   ç¥éã®ç¥åŠã«ã¯ãå眪ãã®æçŸ©ããªã.   ïŒä»€å8幎9æ27æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#10 On the contrary, it believes in the innate goodness and Godlike purity of the human soul, adoring it as the adytum from which divine oracles are proclaimed.   ç¥éã§ã¯äººã®å¿ã®æ¬æ¥åã«ããŠç¥ã®åŠãæž æµãªãããšãä¿¡ããç¥èšã®å®£ã¹ãããã¹ãè³èæãšããŠãããåŽã貎㶠  ïŒä»€å8幎9æ27æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#11 Everybody has observed that the Shinto shrines are conspicuously devoid of objects and instruments of worship, and that a plain mirror hung in the sanctuary forms the essential part of its furnishing.   ç¥ç€Ÿã®ç€Œæã®å¯Ÿè±¡åã³éå ·ã¯éç«ã£ãŠå°ãªããå¥¥æ®¿ã«æããããçŽ é¡ã®ã¿ã§ãã.  ïŒä»€å8幎9æ27æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#12 The presence of this article is easy to explain: it typifies the human heart, which, when perfectly placid and clear, reflects the very image of the Deity.   é¡ã¯äººã®å¿ã衚ããã®ã§ãã£ãŠãå¿ãå®å šã«å¹³éãã€ææŸãªãæã¯ç¥ã®åŸ¡åãåæ ããŠãã.  ïŒä»€å8幎9æ27æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#13 When you stand, therefore, in front of the shrine to worship, you see your own image reflected on its shining surface, and the act of worship is tantamount to the old Delphic injunction, âKnow Thyself.âãç¥ç€Ÿã®ç€Œæã®è¡çºã¯ããæ±èªèº«ãç¥ãããšããæ§ããã«ãã£ã®ç¥èšãšåäžã§ãã  ïŒä»€å8幎9æ27æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#14 But self-knowledge does not imply, either in the Greek or Japanese teaching, knowledge of the physical part of man, not his anatomy or his psycho-physics; knowledge was to be of a moral kind, the introspection of our moral nature.ãå·±ãç¥ããšããããš ã»ã»ã» é埳çã§ããã人ã®éåŸ³çæ§è³ªã®å çã§ããã¹ãã  ïŒä»€å8幎9æ28æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#15  Mommsen, comparing the Greek and the Roman, says that when the former worshipped he raised his eyes to Heaven, for his prayer was contemplation, while the latter veiled his head, for his was reflection.   ã®ãªã·ã¢äººã®ç¥ãã¯åèŠãããŒã人ã®ç¥ãã¯å ç    ïŒä»€å8幎9æ30æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ

#16 Essentially like the Roman conception of religion, our reflection brought into prominence not so much the moral as the national consciousness of the individual. Â Â æ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠæã ã®å çã¯é埳ãšããããããããå人ã®åœæ°çæèãé¡èã«ããã      ïŒä»€å8幎9æ30æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#17 Its nature-worship endeared the country to our inmost souls, while its ancestor-worship, tracing from lineage to lineage, made the Imperial family the fountain-head of the whole nation.   ç¥å åŽæã¯å®¶ç³»ããå®¶ç³»ã«èŸ¿ã£ãŠãããšç宀ãåœå®¶å šäœã®æºã«ããã®ã§ãã.   ïŒä»€å8幎10æ3æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#18 To us the country is more than land and soil from which to mine gold or to reap grain â it is the sacred abode of the gods, the spirits of our forefathers: to us the Emperor is more than the Arch Constable of a Rechtsstaat, or even the Patron of a Culturstaat â he is the bodily representative of Heaven on earth, blending in his person its power and its mercy.   倩çã¯èäœãæã£ãå°äžã«ããã倩ã®ä»£è¡šã§ããããã®åŸ¡äººã®äžã«å€©ã®åãšæ æã䜵ãæã£ãŠãã.   ïŒä»€å8幎10æ4æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#19 If what M. Boutmy says is true of English royalty â that it "is not only the image of authority, but the author and symbol of national unity," as I believe it to be, doubly and trebly may this be affirmed of royalty in Japan.ãã€ã®ãªã¹çå®€ã¯æš©åšã®åã§ããã ãã§ãªãåœå®¶çµ±åã®åµé è ã§ãã象城ã§ãããããã¯æ¥æ¬ã®ç宀ã«ãåœãŠã¯ãŸã ïŒä»€å8幎10æ4æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#20 The tenets of Shintoism cover the two predominating features of the emotional life of our race. â Patriotism and Loyalty.ãç¥éã®æçŸ©ã«ã¯æã ã®æ°æã®ææ çæŽ»ã®ïŒã€ã®é¡èãªç¹åŸŽãå«ãŸããŠãããŒãŒæåœå¿ãšå¿ 矩ã§ããã ïŒä»€å8幎10æ4æ¥ãå ¬éïŒã
#21 Arthur May Knapp very truly says: "In Hebrew literature it is often difficult to tell whether the writer is speaking of God or of the Commonwealth ; of Heaven or of Jerusalem; of the Messiah or of the Nation itself."ãããã«æåŠã«ãããŠç¥ã®äºãåœå®¶ã®ããšãã倩ããšã«ãµã¬ã ããæãäž»ã®ããšããåœæ°ã®ããšããèŠåããã®ãé£ããããšãããã ïŒä»€å8幎10æ4æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#22 A similar confusion may be noticed in the nomenclature of our national faith.   ããã©ã€ãšäŒŒãæ§ãªæ··åã¯ãæã ã®åœå®¶çä¿¡ä»°ïŒç¥éïŒã®èªåœã®äžã«èŠãããããã    ïŒä»€å8幎10æ4æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#23  I said confusion, because it will be so deemed by a logical intellect on account of its verbal ambiguity; still, being a frame work of national instinct and race feelings, it never pretends to systematic philosophy or a rational theology.   ç¥éã®çšèªã¯ææ§ã§ããããã§è«ççãªç¥èœã®æã¡äž»ã«ããæ··åããŠããããã«æãããã®ã§ããã   ïŒä»€å8幎10æ4æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#24  This religion â or, is it not more correct to say, the race emotions which this religion expressed ? â thoroughly imbued Bushido with loyalty to the sovereign and love of country.    ç¥éã¯æŠå£«éã«å¯ŸããŠãäž»åãžã®å¿ èª å¿ãšæåœå¿ã培åºçã«å©ã蟌ãã .   ïŒä»€å8幎10æ5æ¥ãå ¬éïŒÂ
#25 These acted more as impulses than as doctrines; for Shintoism, unlike the MediÊval Christian Church, prescribed to its votaries scarcely any credenda, furnishing them at the same time with agenda of a straightforward and simple type.   ç¥éã¯äžäžã®ããªã¹ãæäŒãšã¯ç°ãªãä¿¡è ã«å¯ŸããŠãããªãä¿¡ä»°ç®æ¡ãèŠå®ããŠããªã.    ïŒä»€å8幎10æ6æ¥ãå ¬éïŒÂ
#26 As to strictly ethical doctrines, the teachings of Confucius were the most prolific source of Bushido.ãå³å¯ã«å«ççãªæçŸ©ã«é¢ããŠèšãã°ãååã®æããæŠå£«éã®ãã£ãšãè±ããªæºæ³ãšãªã£ãã  ïŒä»€å8幎10æ6æ¥ãå ¬éïŒÂ
#27 His enunciation of the five moral relations between master and servant (the governing and the governed), father and son, husband and wife, older and younger brother, and between friend and friend, was but a confirmation of what the race instinct had recognised before his writings were introduced from China.ãååã®è¿°ã¹ã5ã€ã®å«ççãªé¢ä¿ã¯æ¥æ¬äººã®æ¬èœã圌ã®èäœã玹ä»ãããåããèªç¥ããŠããã  ïŒä»€å8幎10æ6æ¥ãå ¬éïŒÂ
#28 The calm, benignant and worldly-wise character of his politico-ethical precepts was particularly well suited to the samurai, who formed the ruling class.ãååã®æ¿æ²»éåŸ³ã®æèšã®æž©åã§æ æ²æ·±ãäžæºã«é·ããŠããæ§è³ªã¯ã統治éçŽã圢æããŠããäŸã«ç¹ã«ããé©åããã ïŒä»€å8幎10æ6æ¥ãå ¬éïŒÂ
#29 His aristocratic and conservative tone was well adapted to the requirements of these warrior statesmen.ã圌ã®è²Žæçã§ä¿å®çãªèªèª¿ã¯æŠå£«ã®æ¿æ²»å®¶ã®èŠæ±ã«ããé©åãã ïŒä»€å8幎10æ7æ¥ãå ¬éïŒÂ
#30 Next to Confucius, Mencius exercised an immense authority over Bushido.ãååã«æ¬¡ãã§ååãæŠå£«éã«å€§ããªæš©åšãåãŒããïŒä»€å8幎10æ7æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#31 His forcible and often quite democratic theories were exceedingly taking to sympathetic natures, and they were even thought dangerous to, and subversive of, the existing social order, hence his works were for a long time under censure.ãååã®ææ³ãæŠå£«ã«ã¯å¥œãŸããããèçãªåœŒã®ææ³ã¯ãã°ãã°çŠæžãšããããïŒä»€å8幎10æ8æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#32 Still, the words of this master mind found permanent lodgment in the heart of the samurai.ã賢人ååã®å¿ã®èšèã¯äŸã®å¿ã®äžã«æ°žä¹ ã«éãç©ãã£ãŠèç©ãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ8æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#33 The writings of Confucius and Mencius formed the principal text-books for youths and the highest authority in discussion among the old.ãååãšååã®èäœã¯è¥è ã«ãšã£ãŠã®å€§åãªæç§æžãšãªãã倧人ã®éã§ã¯è°è«ã®éã®æé«ã®ããã©ãããšãªã£ãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ8æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#34 A mere acquaintance with the classics of these two sages was held, however, in no high esteem.ããã®äºäººã®åå®¶ã®å€å žãåã«å¿åŸãŠããããšããã ãã§ã¯äººããé«ãè©äŸ¡ãåããããšã¯ã§ããªãã£ãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ8æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#35 A common proverb ridicules one who has only an intellectual knowledge of Confucius, as a man ever studious but ignorant of Analects.ãè«èªèªã¿ã®è«èªç¥ãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ9æ¥ãå ¬éïŒã
#36 A typical samurai calls a literary savant a book-smelling sot.ã西é·éçã¯æåŠã®å€§å®¶ãæžç©ã®çãšåŒãã ãïŒä»€å8幎10æ10æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#37 Another compares learning to an ill-smelling vegetable that must be boiled and boiled before it is fit for use.ãäžæµŠæ¢ åã¯åŠåãèãã«ããã®ããéèã«äŸãããã€ãŸãããã¯é£ã¹ãããããã«ãªãåã«äœåºŠãç ®ãããªããã°ãªããªããïŒä»€å8幎10æ10æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ

#38 A man who has read little smells a little pedantic, and a man who has read much smells yet more so ; both are alike unpleasant.ãæžãèªããšåŠè èããªããããã¯äžå¿«ãªãã®ã§ãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ10æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#39 The writer meant thereby that knowledge becomes really such only when it is assimilated in the mind of the learner and shows in his character.ãç¥èãåŠç¿è ã®å¿ã®äžã«ååãããåœŒã®æ§æ Œã«çŸããããã«ãªã£ãæã«ã®ã¿ãç¥èã¯æ¬ç©ã«ãªã   ïŒä»€å8幎10æ10æ¥ãå ¬éïŒÂ
#40 An intellectual specialist was considered a machine.   ç¥çãªå°éå®¶ã¯æ©æ¢°ã§ãããšæãããŠãã.   ïŒä»€å8幎10æ10æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#41 Intellect itself was considered subordinate to ethical emotion.ãç¥èãã®ãã®ã¯éåŸ³çææ ã«åŸå±ãããã®ãšèããããã  ïŒä»€å8幎10æ10æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#42 Man and the universe were conceived to be alike spiritual and ethical.ã人éãªãã³ã«å®å®ã¯çããéçãã€é埳çã§ãããšèããããã ïŒä»€å8幎10æ10æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#43 Bushido could not accept the judgment of Huxley, that the cosmic process was unmoral.ãæŠå£«éã¯å®å®ã®é²åã¯é埳çããããã§ã¯ãªããšããããã¯ã¹ã¬ãŒã®æå®ãåãå ¥ããããšã¯ã§ããã§ãããã ïŒä»€å8幎10æ11æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#44 Bushido made light of knowledge of such.ãIt was not pursued as an end in itself, but as a means to the attainment of wisdom.ãæŠå£«éã«ãããŠã¯ç¥èã¯ããèªäœãç®çãšããŠã§ã¯ãªããç¥æµãåŸãææ®µã§ãšããŠè¿œæ±ãããã ïŒä»€å8幎10æ11æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#45 Hence, he who stopped short of this end was regarded no higher than a convenient machine, which could turn out poems and maxims at bidding.ããã®ç®çã«éããããšããããè ã¯ãæ±ãã«å¿ããŠè©©ãæ Œèšãã€ããã ã䟿å©ãªæ©æ¢°ä»¥äžã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšã¿ãªããããïŒä»€å8幎10æ11æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#46 Thus, knowledge was conceived as identical with its practical application in life ; and this Socratic doctrine found its greatest exponent in the Chinese philosopher, Wan Yang Ming, who never wearies of repeating, "To know and to act are one and the same.âãç¥è¡åäžãçéœæããœã¯ã©ãã¹ãïŒä»€å8幎10æ11æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#47 I beg leave for a moment's digression while I am on this subject, inasmuch as some of the noblest types of bushi were strongly influenced by the teachings of this sage.ã西é·éçã®åœ±é¿ãåããäŸã¯å€ããïŒä»€å8幎10æ11æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#48 Western readers will easily recognise in his writings many parallels to the New Testament.ãçéœæã®èäœã®äžã«æ°çŽèæžãšããããã®é¡äŒŒç¹ããããïŒä»€å8幎10æ11æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#49 Making allowance for the terms peculiar to either teaching, the passage, "Seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you," conveys a thought that may be found on almost any page of Wan Yang Ming.ãæåã«ç¥ã®åœãšç¥ã®çŸ©ãæ±ããããã¹ãŠãããã¯ããªãã«å ããããã§ããããçéœæã¯ãã€ãèšã£ãŠãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ11æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#50a A Japanese disciple of his says â "The lord of heaven and earth, of all living beings, dwelling in the heart of man, becomes his mind (Kokoro); hence a mind is a living thing, and is ever luminous":ã倩å°çã ã®äž»å®°ã人ã«ãã©ããŠå¿ãšãªããæ ã«å¿ã¯æŽ»ç©ã«ããŠãåžžã«ç §ã ããã»ã»ã»äžèŒªå·éœãïŒä»€å8幎10æ11æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#50b and again, "The spiritual light of our essential being is pure, and is not affected by the will of man. Spontaneously springing up in our mind, it shows what is right and wrong : it is then called conscience; it is even the light that proceedeth from the god of heaven .âããã®æ¬æ¥ã®éæã¯åžžã«çŽç²ã§äººã®ææã«åœ±é¿ãããªããèªç¶ã«æã ã®å¿ã«æ¹§ããŠããŠãäœãæ£ãããäœãééã£ãŠããã®ãã瀺ãããããè¯ç¥ãšåŒã¶ãïŒä»€å8幎10æ11æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#50c How very much do these words sound like some passages from Isaac Pennington or other philosophic mystics !ãäžèŒªå·éœã®èšã¯ã¢ã€ã¶ãã¯ã»ããã³ãã³ã ãŸã㯠ä»ã®ç¥ç§å²åžè ãã®æç« ãšãã䌌ãé¿ãæããããïŒä»€å8幎10æ11æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#51ãI am inclined to think that the Japanese mind, as expressed in the simple tenets of the Shinto religion, was particularly open to the reception of Yang Ming's precepts. ãç¥éã®åçŽãªæçŸ©ã«è¡šçŸãããŠããæ§ãªæ¥æ¬äººã®å¿æ§ã¯ãéœæã®æããåã容ããã®ã«ç¹ã«å¯å®¹ã§ãã£ãïŒä»€å8幎10æ12æ¥ãå ¬éïŒã
#52 He carried his doctrine of the infallibility of conscience to extreme transcendentalism, attributing to it the faculty to perceive, not only the distinction between right and wrong, but also the nature of psychical facts and physical phenomena.ãçéœæã¯ãã®è¯å¿ã®ç¡è¬¬æ§ã®æçŸ©ã極端ãªè¶ èªç¶äž»çŸ©ã«ãŸã§æŒãé²ãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ12æ¥ãå ¬éïŒã
#53 He went as far as, if not farther than, Berkeley and Fichte, in Idealism, denying the existence of things outside of human ken.ãçéœæã¯çæ³äž»çŸ©ã«ããŒã¯ã¬ã€ããã£ããã«å£ããåãããããŸã§ã«è³ãã人ç¥ã®å€ã«ç©è±¡ã®ååšããããšãåŠå®ãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ12æ¥ãå
¬éïŒã
#54 If his system had all the logical errors charged to Solipsism, it had all the efficacy of strong conviction, and its moral import in developing individuality of character and equanimity of temper cannot be gainsaid .ãçéœæã®åŠèª¬ã¯ã坿è«ããšããŠæ¹å€ãããããšã¯ããã匷åºãªç¢ºä¿¡ã®åãæããŠããŠããã®é埳çæçŸ©ã¯ç¢ºããªãã®ã§ãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ12æ¥ãå
¬éïŒ
çè
ã³ã¡ã³ãïŒSolipsismïŒå¯æè«ïŒã«ã€ããŠèª¿ã¹ããšãããå¥¥ãæ·±ãã調ã¹ãã®ã«3æéã»ã©ããã£ããã«ã³ããããŒã²ã«ããã£ãããã·ã§ãªã³ã°ããã€ãã®ææ³çã¯å¯æè«ãå¯ç©è«ã§æºããŠããã
ãããã¯åœæããã¥ãŒãã³ãã«ããç§åŠãåèããããã¯ããããããšä»ãŸã§ã®ç¥ã®åŠå®ã«ã€ãªãããããªçè«ã§ãã£ãã
ãææ³çããã®åœ±é¿ãããªãåãããããã«ãããã¬ãªã³ã1805幎é ã«ããã€ã»ã³ãå¶å§ããã€ãã®ææ³çã®å€§åŸ¡æã§ãã圌ãã®çãæ§ã«ã倧ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããã
ããã®ãããªèгç¹ã§å«ç瀟äŒã®ææ¥ãè¡ãããŠãããããã£ãšçè§£ã§ããã§ãããã«ãå«ç瀟äŒã§ã¯ãã®èŸºã¯ããªããã©ããšãããã«ã³ãããã©ã人ã ããããã«ç¶ã圌ããäœãã©ããªã®ãããã£ã±ãçè§£ã¯ã§ããªãã£ãã
ãSolipsismïŒå¯æè«ïŒã軞ã«è²ã
è«äºãããŠããã®ã§ããã
ãããããçãç¥ãåŠå®ããŠããããã§ã¯ãªãã®ã ããã»ã»ã»ã»
ãããã¯#53ãšã倧ãã«é¢ä¿ãããããïŒä»€å8幎10æ12æ¥ãå
¬éïŒ
#55 Thus, whatever the sources, the essential principles which Bushido imbibed from them and assimilated to itself, were few and simple.ãæŠå£«éã®æºæ³ãã©ãã§ããæŠå£«éãæºæ³ããåžåãããèªèº«ã«ååããæ¬è³ªçãªåçã¯å°æ°ãã€åçŽã§ãã£ãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ12æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#56 Few and simple as these were, they were sufficient to furnish a safe conduct of life even through the unsafest days of the most unsettled period of our nation's history.ãæŠå£«éã®åŠäžèšã¯ãã€ã人çã®å®å šãªåŠäžèšãäŸçµŠããŠãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ12æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#57 The wholesome unsophisticated nature of our warrior ancestors derived ample food for their spirit from a sheaf of commonplace and fragmentary teachings, gleaned as it were on the highways and byways of ancient thought, and, stimulated by the demands of the age, formed from these gleanings a new and unique type of manhood.ãæŠå£«ã®ç¥å ã®å¥å šã§çŽ æŽãªæ§æ Œã¯ãããµããæççãªæèšããç¬ç¹ãªäººéã®éãäœãäžãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ12æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#58 An acute French savant, M. de la MazeliÚre, thus sums up his impressions of the sixteenth century: "Toward the middle of the sixteenth century, all is confusion in Japan, in the government, in society, in the church.ããã»ã©ã»ããºãªãšãŒã«æ°ã16äžçŽã®äžé ã«è³ããŸã§æ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠæ¿åºã«ãããŠã瀟äŒã«ãããŠãæäŒã«ãããŠãã¹ãŠã¯æ··ä¹±ããŠãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ12æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#59 But the civil wars, the manners returning to barbarism, the necessity for each to execute justice for himself, â these formed men comparable to those Italians of the sixteenth century, in whom Taine praises âthe vigorous initiative, the habit of sudden resolutions and desperate undertakings, the grand capacity to do and to suffer.'ãæŠå£«éã®åœ¢æãš16äžçŽã®ã€ã¿ãªã¢äººã®é¡äŒŒæ§ããïŒä»€å8幎10æ17æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#60 In Japan as in Italy 'the rude manners of the Middle Ages' made of man a superb animal, 'wholly militant and wholly resistant.'ãäžäžã®æ¥æ¬ãã€ã¿ãªã¢ã«ãããŠäžäžã®ç²éãªç掻æ§åŒã¯äººéãéäºçã§æµæåã®ããäžè³ªãªãã®ã«ãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ18æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#61 And this is why the sixteenth century displays in the highest degree the principal quality of the Japanese race, that great diversity which one finds there between minds (esprits) as well as between temperaments.ãæ¥æ¬æ°æã®äž»èŠãªãç¹æ§ã¯16äžçŽã«çºæ®ãããããïŒä»€å8幎10æ18æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#62 While in India and even in China men seem to differ chiefly in degree of energy or intelligence, in Japan they differ by originality of character as well.ãæ¥æ¬ã«ãããŠã¯äººã®å·®ç°ã¯æ§æ Œã®ç¬åµæ§ã«ããåæ§ã«ç°ãªãã®ã§ããããïŒä»€å8幎10æ18æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#63 Now, individuality is the sign of superior races and of civilisations already developed.ãåæ§ã¯åªç§ãªæ°æã®èšŒã§ããããããŠãååã«çºå±ããææã®èšŒã§ãããïŒä»€å8幎10æ18æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#64 If we make use of an expression dear to Nietzsche, we might say that in Asia, to speak of humanity is to speak of its plains; in Japan as in Europe, one represents it above all by its mountains."ãã¢ãžã¢ã«ãããŠäººéã¯å±±ã«å©ããããæ¥æ¬ãšãšãŒãããã«ãããŠã¯å±±å²³ã«å©ãããããïŒä»€å8幎10æ18æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
#65 To the pervading characteristics of the men of whom M. de la MazeliÚre writes, let us now address ourselves. I shall begin with Rectitude.ãæ¬¡ç« ã§ã¯ãŸãã矩ãããå§ãããšããããïŒä»€å8幎10æ18æ¥ãå ¬éïŒ
